@article { author = {Che Muhamed, Ahmad Munir and Singh, Rabindarjeet and Aziz, Abdul Rashid}, title = {Is Carbohydrate Mouth Rinsing A Novel Approach to Maintain Exercise Performance during Ramadan Fasting?}, journal = {Journal of Nutrition,Fasting and Health}, volume = {2}, number = {4}, pages = {162-164}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS)}, issn = {2821-2746}, eissn = {2821-2746}, doi = {10.22038/jfh.2014.3930}, abstract = {About a decade ago, carbohydrate mouth rinsing was shown to enhance endurance exercise performance. This improvement was more pronounced in a fasted compared to a fed state, suggesting that the ergogenic effect of carbohydrate mouth rinse is dependent on endogenous carbohydrate storage. Hence, indirectly highlights the potential use of carbohydrate mouth rinse as a potential strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of exercise during Ramadan fasting. To date, only one study has been carried out to explore the potential benefit of carbohydrate mouth rinse on exercise performance during Ramadan fasting. This single observation showed that a 10-km time trial performance was enhanced when performing mouth rinsing with either a carbohydrate or a placebo solution as compared with not performing mouth rinsing. While one study had acknowledged that the practice of mouth rinsing do have a positive effect on exercise performance during Ramadan fasting, future studies is warranted in order to have a better understanding on the underlying mechanisms associated with carbohydrate mouth rinsing during Ramadan fasting.}, keywords = {Carbohydrate,Exercise,Ramadan fasting}, url = {https://jnfh.mums.ac.ir/article_3930.html}, eprint = {https://jnfh.mums.ac.ir/article_3930_078be4f23dfa0348f3433074c770a7eb.pdf} } @article { author = {Imani, Bahareh and Khademi, Gholamreza}, title = {Perioperative Fasting and Children: A Review Article}, journal = {Journal of Nutrition,Fasting and Health}, volume = {2}, number = {4}, pages = {131-135}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS)}, issn = {2821-2746}, eissn = {2821-2746}, doi = {10.22038/jfh.2014.3726}, abstract = {This review provides an overview of the present knowledge on the aspects of preoperative fasting with the assessment of the evidence quality. A systematic research was conducted in electronic databases in order to identify trials published between 1990 and 2014 concerning preoperative fasting, early resumption of oral intake and the effects of oral carbohydrate mixtures on gastric emptying and postoperative recovery. The publications were classified in terms of their evidence level, scientific validity and clinical relevance. The key recommendations are that children be encouraged to drink clear fluids within up to 2 hours before elective surgery (including Caesarean section) and all but one member of the guideline groups consider that tea or coffee, with milk added (up to about one fifth of the total volume), are still clear fluids .Furthermore, solid food consumption should be prohibited for up to 6 hours before elective surgery for children. However, patients should not have their operation cancelled or delayed only because they are chewing gums or sucking a boiled sweet immediately prior to the induction of anaesthesia. These recommendations also apply to those patients with obesity, gastro-oesophageal reflux and diabetes. There is insufficient evidence to support the routine use of antacids, metoclopramide or H2-receptor antagonists before elective surgery in non-obstetric patients. Infants should be fed before elective surgery. Breast milk is considered a safe option for up to 4 hours and other kinds of milk for up to 6 hours. The present review takes into account the safety and possible benefits of preoperative carbohydrates while offering advice on the postoperative resumption of oral intake.}, keywords = {Pediatric,Perioperative,fasting,Surgery}, url = {https://jnfh.mums.ac.ir/article_3726.html}, eprint = {https://jnfh.mums.ac.ir/article_3726_659701df8eeda0f9bc32eeeca2cd02c9.pdf} } @article { author = {Javadzadeh Blouri, Abbas and Zarrabi, Mohammad Hassan and Taheri, Morteza and Delavarian, Zahra}, title = {Islamic Fasting and Oral Health and Diseases}, journal = {Journal of Nutrition,Fasting and Health}, volume = {2}, number = {4}, pages = {143-146}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS)}, issn = {2821-2746}, eissn = {2821-2746}, doi = {10.22038/jfh.2014.3917}, abstract = {Fasting is a religious obligation, which can be challenging for individuals with oral conditions due to its stringent code of conduct. Moreover, food abstinence during fasting can restrict oral feeding even further in patients whose nutrition has been already compromised. Previous research has mainly concentrated on oral hygiene and gum health, disregarding orodental conditions and diseases. This highlights the importance of further research in this regard. In this paper, we intended to clarify the correlation between fasting and oral injections, bleeding following tooth extraction, and brushing to overcome common misconceptions which indicate the breach of religious disciplines under such circumstances. We also aimed to determine the grave effects of fasting on health in case of severe immunological deficiencies, chronic oral ulcers and certain drug administration protocols for those with rigid religious beliefs.}, keywords = {fasting,Oral Health,Oral disease}, url = {https://jnfh.mums.ac.ir/article_3917.html}, eprint = {https://jnfh.mums.ac.ir/article_3917_3240d1b89253baa09ee0f146ca49b8db.pdf} } @article { author = {Shadman, Zhaleh and Poorsoltan, Nooshin and Akhoundan, Mahdieh and Larijani, Bagher and Akhgar Zhand, Camellia and Soleymanzadeh, Mozhdeh and Seyed Rohani, Zahra Alsadat and Jamshidi, Zahra and khoshniat Nikoo, Mohsen}, title = {Misconceptions and Negative Attitudes Towards the Metabolic Effects of Ramadan Fasting, Resulting In Fasting Avoidance}, journal = {Journal of Nutrition,Fasting and Health}, volume = {2}, number = {4}, pages = {151-157}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS)}, issn = {2821-2746}, eissn = {2821-2746}, doi = {10.22038/jfh.2014.3682}, abstract = {The aim of this study was to assess public knowledge about the effects of Ramadan fasting on various aspects of health and its association with fasting decision-making. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 600 subjects. The association between fasting and participants’ knowledge and attitudes toward Ramadan fasting, anthropometric measurements, physical activity, depression, anxiety, stress, dietary intake, and prior history of diseases was evaluated. The results indicated an adverse correlation between negative attitudes towards the effects of Ramadan fasting and adherence to fasting (P<0.0001). The prevalence of gastrointestinal disorders was higher in the non-fasting group (P=0.002). No significant association was found between other investigated variables and fasting adherence. It seems that negative thinking about the effects of Ramadan fasting may be inversely associated with fasting decision-making. Therefore, evidence-based educational programs may improve public knowledge and encourage fasting among eligible people.}, keywords = {Ramadan,fasting,Knowledge,health,Attitude}, url = {https://jnfh.mums.ac.ir/article_3682.html}, eprint = {https://jnfh.mums.ac.ir/article_3682_5062f65f1a8001f1fa66417da72fbcd3.pdf} } @article { author = {Ebrahimi, Mahdi and Behrooznia, Saeedeh}, title = {Harming Body As A Red Line for Islamic Fasting}, journal = {Journal of Nutrition,Fasting and Health}, volume = {2}, number = {4}, pages = {158-161}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS)}, issn = {2821-2746}, eissn = {2821-2746}, doi = {10.22038/jfh.2014.3929}, abstract = {Introduction: Fasting is the Islamic worship of man in order to approach God.  There is a direct relationship between fasting, abstaining from eating and drinking, and man’s health as well as ill-health. Therefore, through fasting the religious and medical issues are interwoven with each other; so that man can maintain his physical heath by performing a religious worship.Findings: Medical propositions which are based on experience can prove what would be harmful or urgent for body to take. In contrast, religious propositions relying on the meta-physical world are set for all people in every place at every time. Fasting is a religious term and in medicine, it is merely dealt with abstaining from eating and drinking. The concept of harmfulness means making a defect or disorder in the system of body, the recognition of which is the responsibility of medicine and the decision about which is within the responsibility of man. Conclusion: Medical science can determine the effects and consequences of thirst and hunger in the specific hours of the month of Ramadan. According to the religious perspective, it has been emphasized that fasting is for maintaining man’s health, and the conditions in which there is the probability of harmfulness for man’s health due to fasting, man shouldn’t fast. As a result, medical science can determine the interval of fasting.}, keywords = {fasting,Harmfulness,Ill-health,medicine,Ramadan month}, url = {https://jnfh.mums.ac.ir/article_3929.html}, eprint = {https://jnfh.mums.ac.ir/article_3929_fa298b6faf21e61a6376c1965d8fc0ac.pdf} } @article { author = {Dolat, Elham and Sazgarnia, Ameneh}, title = {The Effect of Fasting on Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Imaging}, journal = {Journal of Nutrition,Fasting and Health}, volume = {2}, number = {4}, pages = {165-170}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS)}, issn = {2821-2746}, eissn = {2821-2746}, doi = {10.22038/jfh.2014.3998}, abstract = {As a nuclear approach, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a functional imaging technique which is based on the detection of gamma ray pairs emitted by a positron-emitting radionuclide. There are certain limitations to this technique such as normal tissue uptake. Therefore, it has been recommended that patients prepare before scanning. Fasting for a short while before PET imaging is an example of such preparation. In this paper, we attempted to collect the studies evaluating the effects of fasting in the three sections of cardiac, brain and abdominal PET imaging. Conclusively, we found that the effects of fasting on PET imaging can be different depending on the type of PET scanning, radiotracer, patient’s diseases, fasting duration and in case of any additional dietary plans. It is proposed that further study be conducted on this subject in order to determine such effects in more detail.}, keywords = {fasting,Positron Emission Tomography,Fluorodeoxyglucose (F18)}, url = {https://jnfh.mums.ac.ir/article_3998.html}, eprint = {https://jnfh.mums.ac.ir/article_3998_571b0a5381608a35fc75a42d776890fc.pdf} } @article { author = {Attarzadeh Hosseini, Seyyed Reza and Sardar, Mohammad Ali and Farahati, Samaneh and Nematy, Mohsen}, title = {The Effect of Ramadan Fasting and Physical Activity on Homocysteine and Fibrinogen Concentrations In Overweight Women}, journal = {Journal of Nutrition,Fasting and Health}, volume = {2}, number = {4}, pages = {136-142}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS)}, issn = {2821-2746}, eissn = {2821-2746}, doi = {10.22038/jfh.2014.3870}, abstract = {Introduction: Increased levels of certain markers like fibrinogen and Homocysteine are independently associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Considering the numerous favorable effects of healthful nutrition and physical activity on reducing the risk of atherosclerosis, in this study we intend to take into account fasting and physical activity during the month of Ramadan and their impacts on Homocysteine and fibrinogen concentrations in overweight women. Materials and Methods: In this experiment, 22 overweight and obese women with a body mass index (BMI) of greater than 25 kg/m2 aging from 20 to 45 years were enrolled into two groups by means of targeted-sampling method. One group involved fasting accompanied with regular physical activity (12 subjects) and the other group involved only fasting (10 subjects). The protocol for the physical activity group consisted of three 60-minute sessions of aerobic exercise per week with a 50%- 65% heart rate reserved. Towards the end of Ramadan, the anthropometric and blood levels of Homocysteine and fibrinogen were closely measured. Data were analyzed using repeated measures and the significance level of P≤0 /05 was considered. Results: A month of fasting along with regular physical activity did not prove to have any noticeable effects on the level of fibrinogen while a significant increase in the Homocysteine levels was discovered (P <0/05). Comparing the two protocols lead us to the conclusion that one month of fasting with or without regular physical activity did not seem to make a noteworthy difference on the levels of fibrinogen and Homocysteine. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that fasting with or without regular exercise could not significantly decrease the body fat percentage. Furthermore, it seems that unhealthy and inadequate nutrition during Ramadan as well as insufficient intensity and duration of exercise are the causes of fibrinogen and Homocysteine levels to grow dramatically.}, keywords = {fasting,Physical Activity,Atherosclerosis,Homocysteine,Women}, url = {https://jnfh.mums.ac.ir/article_3870.html}, eprint = {https://jnfh.mums.ac.ir/article_3870_d5cb7954c78880a765c1d1dc666c0edf.pdf} } @article { author = {Aghababazadeh, Masoomeh and Kerachian, Mohammad Amin}, title = {Cell Fasting: Cellular Response and Application of Serum Starvation}, journal = {Journal of Nutrition,Fasting and Health}, volume = {2}, number = {4}, pages = {147-150}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS)}, issn = {2821-2746}, eissn = {2821-2746}, doi = {10.22038/jfh.2014.3928}, abstract = { Humans suffer transient or persistent starvation due to a lack of food intake, either because of fasting, voluntary dieting, or due to the scarcity of available food. At the cellular level it is possible to possess pathological starvation during ischemia and solid tumors. Blood provides many nutrients to our cells, and researchers provide these nutrients to cells in culture in the form of enriched culture medium plus serum from animal sources. In response to starvation, animals use hormonal cues to mobilize stored resources to provide nutrients to individual cells. Besides whole-body responses to nutrient deprivation, individual cells sense and react to lack of nutrients. At the cellular level, starvation triggers different responses such as cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Stop cycling for proliferating cells is the primary response to nutrient deprivation. Under certain conditions, the cell reacts to nutrient deprivation by engaging the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Thus, serum starvation is regarded as a procedure to prepare cells for an experiment in serum-free conditions such as induction cell cycle synchronization. Several researchers have used serum starvation as a tool to study molecular mechanisms involved in different cellular process, metabolic researches and evaluation of a drug effect.  }, keywords = {fasting,Serum starvation,Apoptosis,Cell Cycle Arrest,Serum free}, url = {https://jnfh.mums.ac.ir/article_3928.html}, eprint = {https://jnfh.mums.ac.ir/article_3928_b94df6e8cea5db996485f05a5b3f1b09.pdf} }