ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Food Choices during Ramadan
Few studies have assessed the dietary Practices of people with diabetes during Ramadan (1). A sub study of Ramadan prospective diabetes study (2) which was conducted at the outpatient department of Baqai Institute of Diabetology and endocrinology, Karachi Pakistan in 2009 analyzed the food choices of patients with diabetes during Ramadan. Several irregularities regarding dietary intake and food choices were noted among the study participants. Although, the patients were counseled regarding diet before Ramadan, many did not follow the dietary advice. All patients had taken food at Iftar but majority of them preferred fried items like samosas, pakoras (fried snack), chicken rolls etc. these deeply fried items can lead to post Iftar hyperglycemia. Patients were also opted for fruit chat, dahibara and chanachaat at Iftar, higher load of these items can also worsen glycemic control. The striking finding was almost absence of meat (protein) intake at Iftar but study from India showed increment of all three macronutrients during Ramadan (3). This may result in higher intake of items from carbohydrate and fat groups resulting in hyperglycemia after iftar. Intake of vegetables at Iftar was also negligible and hence the diet was not well balanced. The food choices at sahoor included roti, paratha (fried bread), slices, khajla, pheni, meat, egg and milk. Though it is advisable to take complex carbohydrates, protein and fat at sahoor as these are slowly digestible and can prevent hypoglycemia during fasting but khajla pheni are extremely rich in fat and carbohydrate content and should be avoided (4). However, paratha in 2 teaspoon of oil can be taken at sahoor.Patients with diabetes who fast during the month of Ramadan should have pre Ramadan dietary guidance and counseling session in order to modify their food preferences and choices during the holy month of Ramadan (4).
https://jnfh.mums.ac.ir/article_8608_b555509d8c14fcd399a430a08a07ba3c.pdf
2017-03-01
49
49
10.22038/jfh.2017.20739.1077
Ramadan
fasting
Diet
Thamina
Rashid
thamina_sma@live.com
1
Diet and Education Department, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
AUTHOR
Muhammad Yakoob
Ahmedani
research@bideonline.com
2
Department of Medicine, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
LEAD_AUTHOR
Rubina
Hakeem
rubina.hakeen@gmail.com
3
Diet and Education Department, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
AUTHOR
Musarrat
Riaz
drmusarratriaz@gmail.com
4
Department of Medicine, Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
AUTHOR
Azizi F, SiahkolahB. Ramadan fasting and diabetes mellitus. Arch Iranian Med. 2003;6:237-42.
1
Ahmedani MY, Haque MS, Basit A, Fawwad A, Alvi SF. Ramadan Prospective Diabetes Study: the role of drug dosage and timing alteration, active glucose monitoring and patient education. Diabet Med 2012, 29:709–715.
2
Vasan SK, Karol R, Mahendri NV, Arulappan N, Jacob JJ, Thomas N. A prospective assesstment of dietary patterns in muslims subjects with type 2 diabetes who undertake fasting during Ramadan. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2012;16(4):552-7.
3
Salti I, Benard E, Detournay B, Bianchi-Biscay M, Le Brigand C, Voinet C, et al. A population based study of diabetes and its characteristics during the fasting month of Ramadan in 13 countries: results of the epidemiology of diabetes and Ramadan 1422/ (EPIDIAR) study. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(10):2306–2311.
4
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of Ramadan Fasting on Common Upper Gastrointestinal Disorders: A Review of the Literature
Introduction: Ramadan is the ninth month of Muslim's calendar during which Muslims fast. Ramadan lasts 29-30 days based on the visual sightings of the crescent moon. Fasting during Ramadan has significant health effects. The present study aimed at reviewing the literature of the impact of Ramadan fasting on upper gastrointestinal disorders. Methods: MEDLINE and Google Scholar were searched by using ((“Ramadan” R fasting”) AND( "Upper Gastrointestinal Tract" OR "Gastrointestinal Diseases" OR "Dyspepsia" OR "Gastroesophageal Reflux" OR "Peptic Ulcer" OR "Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage")) as keywords in the title and abstract. Relevant, non- duplicate full articles written in English were reviewed. Results: Gastric acid and pepsin secretion increase during Ramadan fasting, probably associated with dyspeptic symptoms. Regarding peptic ulcer frequency, results are inconsistent. However, peptic ulcer complications such as gastrointestinal bleeding and peptic ulcer perforation increase during Ramadan fasting. Conclusion: Fasting during Ramadan seems to be beneficial for healthy individuals, but in people with gastrointestinal disorders, it might be harmful as it increases the risk of complications. Therefore, taking medical advice before Ramadan fasting is highly recommended to people suffering from gastrointestinal symptoms.
https://jnfh.mums.ac.ir/article_8272_ae080537eb80a1a04fc226aa74d681b6.pdf
2017-03-01
20
23
10.22038/jfh.2017.20258.1075
Ramadan fasting
upper gastrointestinal diseases
dyspepsia
Gastroeosophagial reflux
Gastrointestinal hemorrhage
Peptic ulcer
Najmeh
Seifi
m.raeisi2000@gmail.com
1
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Hashemi
mo_hashemi@hotmail.com
2
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Safarian
raeisi.mojtaba@yahoo.com
3
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Vahid
Hadi
4
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mojtaba
Raeisi
drmraeisi@goums.ac.ir
5
Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Nutrition, Gorgan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Miller T. Mapping the global Muslim population: a report on the size and distribution of the world’s Muslim population. Washington, DC: Pew Research Center; 2009.
1
Leiper J, Molla AM. Effects on health of fluid restriction during fasting in Ramadan. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2003; 57(Suppl 2):S30-8.
2
Göçmen E, Koç M, Tez M, Yoldaş Ö, Bilgin A, Keşkek M. Effect of Ramadan on surgical emergencies. Ann Emerg Med. 2004; 44(3):283-5.
3
Azizi F. Islamic fasting and health. Ann Nutr Metab. 2010; 56(4):273-82.
4
Barkia A, Mohamed K, Smaoui M, Zouari N, Hammami M, Nasri M. Change of diet, plasma lipids, lipoproteins, and fatty acids during Ramadan: a controversial association of the considered Ramadan model with atherosclerosis risk. J Health Popul Nutr. 2011; 29(5):486-93.
5
Gharbi M, Akrout M, Zouari B. Food intake during and outside Ramadan. East Mediterr Health J. 2003; 9(1-2):131-40.
6
Roky R, Chapotot F, Hakkou F, Benchekroun MT, Buguet A. Sleep during Ramadan intermittent fasting. J Sleep Res. 2001; 10(4):319-27.
7
Trepanowski JF, Canale RE, Marshall KE, Kabir MM, Bloomer RJ. Impact of caloric and dietary restriction regimens on markers of health and longevity in humans and animals: a summary of available findings. Nutr J. 2011; 10(1):107.
8
Larijani B, Zahedi F, Sanjari M, Amini MR, Jalili RB, Adibi H, et al. The effect of Ramadan fasting on fasting serum glucose in healthy adults. Med J Malaysia. 2003; 58(5):678-80.
9
Salti I, Bénard E, Detournay B, Bianchi-Biscay M, Le Brigand C, Voinet C, et al. A population-based study of diabetes and its characteristics during the fasting month of Ramadan in 13 countries results of the epidemiology of diabetes and Ramadan 1422/2001 (EPIDIAR) study. Diabetes Care. 2004; 27(10):2306-11.
10
Ural E, Kozdag G, Kilic T, Ural D, Şahin T, Celebi O, et al. The effect of Ramadan fasting on ambulatory blood pressure in hypertensive patients using combination drug therapy. J Hum Hypertens. 2008; 22(3):208-10.
11
Balaban RS, Nemoto S, Finkel T. Mitochondria, oxidants, and aging. Cell. 2005; 120(4):483-95.
12
Talley NJ, Phung N, Kalantar JS. ABC of the upper gastrointestingal tract: Indigestion: When is it functional? BMJ. 2001; 323(7324):1294-7.
13
Amini E, Keshteli AH, Jazi MS, Jahangiri P, Adibi P. Dyspepsia in Iran: SEPAHAN Systematic Review No. 3. Int J Prev Med. 2012; 3(Suppl 1):S18-25.
14
Keshteli AH, Sadeghpour S, Feizi A, Boyce P, Adibi P. Evaluation of self-perceived changes in gastroin-testinal symptoms during Ramadan fasting. J Relig Health. 2015; 24:1-8.
15
Torab FC, Amer M, Abu-Zidan FM, Branicki FJ. Perforated peptic ulcer: different ethnic, climatic and fasting risk factors for morbidity in Al-ain medical district, United Arab Emirates. Asian J Surg. 2009; 32(2):95-101.
16
Ramakrishnan K, Salinas RC. Peptic ulcer disease. Am Fam Physician. 2007; 76(7):1005-12.
17
Iraki L, Abkari A, Vallot T, Amrani N, Khlifa RH, Jellouli K, et al. Effect of Ramadan fasting on intragastric pH recorded during 24 hours in healthy subjects. Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 1997; 21(11):813-9.
18
Hakkou F, Tazi A, Iraqui L, Celice-Pingaud C, Vatier J. The observance of Ramadan and its repercussion on gastric secretion. Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 1993; 18(3):190-4.
19
Bener A, Derbala MF, Al-Kaabi S, Taryam LO, Al-Ameri MM, Al-Muraikhi NM, et al. Frequency of peptic ulcer disease during and after Ramadan in a United Arab Emirates hospital. East Mediterr Health J. 2006; 12(1-2):105-11.
20
Al-Kaabi S, Bener A, Butt MT, Taweel M, Samson S, Al-Mosalamani Y, et al. Effect of Ramadan fasting on peptic ulcer disease. Indian J Gastroenterol 2004; 23(1):35.
21
Gokakin AK, Kurt A, Akgol G, Karakus BC, Atabey M, Koyuncu A, et al. Effects of Ramadan fasting on peptic ulcer disease as diagnosed by upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Arab J Gastroenterol. 2012; 13(4):180-3.
22
Hosseini-Asl K, Rafieian-Kopaei M. Can patients with active duodenal ulcer fast Ramadan? Am J Gastroenterol. 2002; 97(9):2471-2.
23
Dönderici O, Temizhan A, Küçükbaş T, Eskioglu E. Effect of Ramadan on peptic ulcer complications. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1994; 29(7):603-6.
24
Ozkan S, Durukan P, Akdur O, Vardar A, Torun E, Ikizceli I. Does Ramadan fasting increase acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage? J Int Med Rese. 2009; 37(6):1988-93.
25
Amine el M, Kaoutar S, Ihssane M, Adil I, Dafr-Allah B. Effect of Ramadan fasting on acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. J Res Med Sci. 2013; 18(3):230-3.
26
Emami MH, Rahimi H. Effects of Ramadan fasting on acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to peptic ulcer. J Res Med Sci. 2006; 11(3):170-5.
27
Behrman SW. Management of complicated peptic ulcer disease. Arch Surg. 2005; 140(2):201-8.
28
Gokakin AK, Kurt A, Atabey M, Koyuncu A, Topcu O, Aydin C, et al. The impact of Ramadan on peptic ulcer perforation. Ulus Trauma Acil Cerrahi Derg. 2012; 18(4):339-43.
29
Jastaniah S, Al Naami MY, Malatani TM. Perforated duodenal ulcer in Asir central hospital. Saudi J Gastroenterol. 1997; 3(2):90-3.
30
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Favorable Cardio-Metabolic Outcomes Following High Carbohydrate Intake in Accordance with the Daniel Fast: A Review of Available Findings
The Daniel Fast is a biblically inspired dietary program rich in carbohydrate, most closely resembling a vegan diet but with additional restrictions, including the elimination of processed foods, white flour products, preservatives, additives, sweeteners, caffeine, and alcohol. While no specific requirements are placed on the ingestion of specific percentages of macronutrients, the mean daily carbohydrate intake is by default approximately 60%, while protein and fat intake are 15% and 25%, respectively. Despite a relatively high carbohydrate intake, multiple favorable cardio-metabolic effects are noted when following the plan, in as few as three weeks. This includes improvements in HOMA-IR, which may be at least in part due to the lower glycemic load and high dietary fiber content of the foods consumed. Other notable changes include reductions in systemic inflammation, total and LDL-cholesterol, oxidative stress, blood pressure, and body weight/body fat. Short and moderate-term compliance to the program is excellent-better than most dietary programs, perhaps due to the ad libitum nature of this plan. This paper presents an overview of the Daniel Fast, a carbohydrate-rich dietary program, including relevant findings from both human and animal investigations using this dietary model.
https://jnfh.mums.ac.ir/article_8609_fd51d6eda13bd1d845126edb33fb64bf.pdf
2017-03-01
38
48
10.22038/jfh.2017.22347.1083
vegan
purified
restricted
fasting
Lipids
Daniel Fast
Carbohydrate
Richard
Bloomer
rbloomer@memphis.edu
1
University of Memphis
LEAD_AUTHOR
Matthew
Butawan
mbbtawan@memphis.edu
2
University of Memphis
AUTHOR
Bloomer RJ, Butawan M. The use of dietary and caloric restriction models for improved cardio-metabolic health. Jacobs J Food Nutr. 2016; 3(2):26.
1
Trepanowski JF, Bloomer RJ. The impact of religious fasting on human health. Nutr J. 2010; 9:57.
2
Asif M, Rooney LW, Ali R, Riaz MN. Application and opportunities of pulses in food system: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2013; 53(11):1168-79.
3
Couture P, Archer WR, Lamarche B, Landry N, Dériaz O, Corneau L, et al. Influences of apolipoprotein E polymorphism on the response of plasma lipids to the ad libitum consumption of a high-carbohydrate diet compared with a high-monounsaturated fatty acid diet. Metabolism. 2003; 52(11):1454-9.
4
Schaefer EJ, Gleason JA, Dansinger ML. The effects of low-fat, high-carbohydrate diets on plasma lipoproteins, weight loss, and heart disease risk reduction. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2005; 7(6):421-7.
5
Turner N, Cooney GJ, Kraegen EW, Bruce CR. Fatty acid metabolism, energy expenditure and insulin resistance in muscle. J Endocrinol. 2014; 220(2):T61-79.
6
Dashti HS, Follis JL, Smith CE, Tanaka T, Garaulet M, Gottlieb DJ, et al. Gene-environment interactions of circadian-related genes for cardiometabolic traits. Diabetes Care. 2015; 38(8):1456-66.
7
Salsberg SL, Ludwig DS. Putting your genes on a diet: the molecular effects of carbohydrate. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007; 85(5):1169-70.
8
Asemi Z, Samimi M, Tabassi Z, Sabihi SS, Esmaillzadeh A. A randomized controlled clinical trial investigating the effect of dash diet on insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress in gestational diabetes. Nutrition. 2013; 29(4):619-24.
9
Bloomer RJ, Kabir MM, Canale RE, Trepanowski JF, Marshall KE, Farney TM, et al. Effect of a 21 day daniel fast on metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk factors in men and women. Lipids Health Dis. 2010; 9:94.
10
Bloomer RJ, Kabir MM, Trepanowski JF, Canale RE, Farney TM. A 21 day daniel fast improves selected biomarkers of antioxidant status and oxidative stress in men and women. Nutr Metab. 2011; 8:17.
11
Bloomer RJ, Trepanowski JF, Kabir MM, Alleman RJ Jr, Dessoulavy ME. Impact of short-term dietary modification on postprandial oxidative stress. Nutr J. 2012; 11:16.
12
Kitabchi AE, McDaniel KA, Wan JY, Tylavsky FA, Jacovino CA, Sands CW, et al. Effects of high-protein versus high-carbohydrate diets on markers of β-cell function, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, proinflammatory cytokines, and adipokines in obese, premenopausal women without diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2013; 36(7):1919-25.
13
Tonstad S, Malik N, Haddad E. A high-fibre bean-rich diet versus a low-carbohydrate diet for obesity. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2014; 27(Suppl 2):109-16.
14
Trepanowski JF, Canale RE, Marshall KE, Kabir MM, Bloomer RJ. Impact of caloric and dietary restriction regimens on markers of health and longevity in humans and animals: A summary of available findings. Nutr J. 2011; 10:107.
15
Trepanowski JF, Kabir MM, Alleman RJ Jr, Bloomer RJ. A 21-day daniel fast with or without krill oil supplementation improves anthropometric parameters and the cardiometabolic profile in men and women. Nutr Metab. 2012; 9(1):82.
16
Alleman RJ Jr, Harvey IC, Farney TM, Bloomer RJ. Both a traditional and modified daniel fast improve the cardio-metabolic profile in men and women. Lipids Health Dis. 2013; 12:114.
17
Pilis W, Stec K, Zych M, Pilis A. Health benefits and risk associated with adopting a vegetarian diet. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 2014; 65(1):9-14.
18
Jenkins DJ, Wolever TM, Taylor RH, Barker H, Fielden H, Baldwin JM, et al. Glycemic index of foods: a physiological basis for carbohydrate exchange. Am J Clin Nutr. 1981; 34(3):362-6.
19
Zeevi D, Korem T, Zmora N, Israeli D, Rothschild D, Weinberger A, et al. Personalized nutrition by prediction of glycemic responses. Cell. 2015; 163(5):1079-94.
20
Barclay AW, Petocz P, McMillan-Price J, Flood VM, Prvan T, Mitchell P, et al. Glycemic index, glycemic load, and chronic disease risk—a meta-analysis of observational studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008; 87(3):627-37.
21
Buyken AE, Goletzke J, Joslowski G, Felbick A, Cheng G, Herder C, et al. Association between carbohydrate quality and inflammatory markers: Systematic review of observational and interventional studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2014; 99(4):813-33.
22
Augustin LS, Kendall CW, Jenkins DJ, Willett WC, Astrup A, Barclay AW, et al. Glycemic index, glycemic load and glycemic response: An international scientific consensus summit from the international carbohydrate quality consortium (ICQC). Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. 2015; 25(9):795-815.
23
Fellows PJ. Food processing technology: principles and practice. New York: Elsevier; 2009.
24
Saleh AS, Zhang Q, Chen J, Shen Q. Millet grains: nutritional quality, processing, and potential health benefits. Comprehens Rev Food Sci Food Saf. 2013; 12(3):281-95.
25
Shewfelt RL. How does food processing change the nutritional value of foods? In defense of processed food. New York: Springer International Publishing; 2017. P. 107-23.
26
Brand JC, Nicholson PL, Thorburn AW, Truswell AS. Food processing and the glycemic index. Am J Clin Nutr. 1985; 42(6):1192-6.
27
Aldughpassi A, Abdel-Aal el-SM, Wolever TM. Barley cultivar, kernel composition, and processing affect the glycemic index. J Nutr. 2012; 142(9):1666-71.
28
Dhingra D, Michael M, Rajput H, Patil RT. Dietary fibre in foods: a review. J Food Sci Technol. 2012; 49(3):255-66.
29
Ozyurt VH, Ötles S. Effect of food processing on the physicochemical properties of dietary fibre. Acta Sci Pol Technol Aliment. 2016; 15(3):233-245.
30
Mudgil D, Barak S. Composition, properties and health benefits of indigestible carbohydrate polymers as dietary fiber: a review. Int J Biol Macromol. 2013; 61:1-6.
31
Verspreet J, Damen B, Broekaert WF, Verbeke K, Delcour JA, Courtin CM. A critical look at prebiotics within the dietary fiber concept. Ann Rev Food Sci Technol. 2016; 7:167-90.
32
Tan J, McKenzie C, Potamitis M, Thorburn AN, Mackay CR, Macia L. The role of short-chain fatty acids in health and disease. Adv Immunol. 2014; 121(91):e119.
33
Mudryj AN, Yu N, Aukema HM. Nutritional and health benefits of pulses. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2014; 39(11):1197-204.
34
Bloomer RJ, Gunnels TA, Schriefer JM. Comparison of a restricted and unrestricted vegan diet plan with a restricted omnivorous diet plan on health-specific measures. Healthcare (Basel). 2015; 3(3):544-55.
35
Bloomer RJ. Influence of a 6-month modified or traditional daniel fast on measures of health in men and women. J Nutr Biol. 2015; 1:22-32.
36
Bloomer RJ, Schriefer JM, Gunnels TA, Lee SR, Sable HJ, van der Merwe M, et al. Dietary composition significantly impacts physical performance, body composition, blood lipids, oxidative stress and inflammation in male rats. Memphis, US: The University of Memphis; 2017.
37
Moore DC, Buddington RK, Freeman DA, Bloomer RJ. The influence of plant- and animal-based diets on circulating testosterone and body composition of young male rats. Memphis, US: The University of Memphis; 2016.
38
Gay HC, Rao SG, Vaccarino V, Ali MK. Effects of different dietary interventions on blood pressurenovelty and significance. Hypertension. 2016; 67(4):733-9.
39
Von Schulze AT, Gunnels TA, Schriefer JM, Lee SR, MacDonnchadh JJ, Buddington RK, et al. Chronic endurance exercise protects the hsp response during insulin resistance. Memphis, US: The University of Memphis; 2016.
40
Daniels JL, Bloomer RJ, van der Merwe M, Davis SL, Buddington KK, Buddington RK. Intestinal adaptations to a combination of different diets with and without endurance exercise. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2016; 13:35.
41
Bloomer RJ, Toline AH. Participant compliance to a six‐month traditional and modified daniel fast. J Fasting Health. 2014; 2(3):90-5.
42
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Association between Health-Related Quality of Life and Ramadan Fasting in Diabetic Patients: A Survey Using A Structured D-39 Assessment Tool. A Sudanese Cohort
Introduction: Most cases of chronic diseases result in physical, psychological, financial, and social burdens on the patients and the economy. The overall health-related quality of life of patients can be positively influenced by several variables including glycemic control, economic status, comorbidities, presence of complications, and the quality of medical, psychological, and social support. Studies examining the effects of fasting on diabetes during Ramadan fasting underline the biochemical changes without considering the psychosocial and financial implications. This study aimed to illuminate some of the challenges faced by both fasting and non-fasting diabetic patients during Ramadan.Further, we evaluated the quality of life of diabetes patients, explored the socio-demographic and disease-related variables, and estimated the percentage of diabetic patients who fasted during Ramadan. Methods: This was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted from August 2015 to October 2015. Diabetes 39 instrument was administered to 112 patients with diabetes in Khartoum to evaluate their health-related quality of life during Ramadan. Results: Fifty-four percent of study participants were female and 64.3% of them were aged between 40-60 years old. Sixty-two participants were able to fast (55.4%) and fasted for more than 15 days. Half of the participants had, at least, one comorbidity, among which hypertension was the most common. Approximately 59% of fasting patients had mild impairment in their health-related quality of life, whereas 60% of non-fasting participants had moderate impairment. Limited stamina, and fear of hypoglycemia were the items with the highest mean scores in both groups. The fasting group had a lower average score (2.88) compared to the non-fasting group (3.66). This difference was statistically significant (p=0.033). Conclusion: Over 53% of study patients fasted for at least 1 day during Ramadan. Interestingly, Patients who fasted had a better health-related quality of life when compared to those who did not fast. Patients with hypertension and cardiac diseases were the subjects least able to fast during Ramadan.
https://jnfh.mums.ac.ir/article_8343_a7d4add2430f65ed53df6563c76ae103.pdf
2017-03-01
24
30
10.22038/jfh.2017.21682.1080
Diabetes and Ramadan
Quality of life
fasting
Ahmed
Osman Mahgoub
1
Ministry of health - Sudan
AUTHOR
Elamin
Abdelgadir
alaminibrahim@hotmail.com
2
Dubai Hospital, Dubai Health Authority
LEAD_AUTHOR
Media and events. International Diabetes Federation. Available at: URL: http://www.idf.org/media-events/press releases/2011/diabetes-atlas-5th-edition; 2016.
1
Salti I, Bénard E, Detournay B, Bianchi-Biscay M, Le Brigand C, Voinet C, et al. A population-based study of diabetes and its characteristics during the fasting month of Ramadan in 13 countries: results of the Epidemiology of Diabetes and Ramadan 1422/2001 (EPIDIAR) study. Diabetes Care. 2004; 27(10):2306-11.
2
Suliman M, Abdu T, Elhadd T, Ibrahim S, Ahmed M, Malik R. Diabetes and fasting in Ramadan: Can we provide evidence-based advice to patients? Sudan Med J. 2010; 46(1):4-14.
3
Elrayah-Eliadarous H. Economic burden of diabetes on patients and their families. California: Department of Public Health Sciences; 2007.
4
Balla SA, Ahmed HA, Awadelkareem MA. Prevalence of diabetes, knowledge, and attitude of rural, population towards diabetes and hypoglycaemic event, Sudan 2013. Am J Health Res. 2014; 2(6):356-60.
5
Montori VM. Evidence-based endocrinology. New York: Springer Science & Business Media; 2007. P. 187.
6
Khanna A, Bush AL, Swint JM, Peskin MF, Street RL Jr, Naik AD. Hemoglobin A1c improvements and better diabetes-specific quality of life among participants completing diabetes self-management programs: a nested cohort study. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2012; 10:48.
7
Ballinger A. Essentials of Kumar & Clark’s Clinical Medicine. 5th ed. New York: Elsevier Health Sciences; 2012.
8
Bani-Issa W. Evaluation of the health-related quality of life of Emirati people with diabetes: integration of sociodemographic and disease-related variables. East Mediterr Health J. 2011; 17(11):825-30.
9
Weinberger M, Kirkman MS, Samsa GP, Cowper PA, Shortliffe EA, Simel DL, et al. The relationship between glycemic control and health-related quality of life in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Med Care. 1994; 32(12):1173-81.
10
Pichon-Riviere A, Irazola V, Beratarrechea A, Alcaraz A, Carrara C. Quality of life in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients requiring insulin treatment in Buenos Aires, Argentina: a cross-sectional study. Int J Health Policy Manag. 2015; 4(7):475-80.
11
Aghamollaei T, Eftekhar H, Shojaeizadeh D, Mohammad K, Nakhjavani M, Ghofrani Pour F. Behavior, metabolic control and health-related quality of life in diabetic patients at Bandar Abbas diabetic clinic. Iran J Public Health. 2003; 32(3):54-9.
12
Abdelgadir M. Clinical and biochemical features of adult diabetes mellitus in Sudan. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Carolina: Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis; 2006.
13
Hassan A, Meo SA, Usmani AM, Shaikh TJ. Diabetes during Ramadan–PRE-approach model: presentation, risk stratification, education. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2014; 18(12):1798-805.
14
Zulian LR, Santos MA, Veras VS, Rodrigues FF, Arrelias CC, Zanetti ML. Quality of life in patients with diabetes using the Diabetes 39 (D-39) instrument. Revista Gaucha Enfermag. 2013; 34(3):138-46.
15
Patel NR, Kennedy A, Blickem C, Rogers A, Reeves D, Chew-Graham C. Having diabetes and having to fast: a qualitative study of British Muslims with diabetes. Health Expect. 2015; 18(5):1698-708.
16
Elbagir MN, Etayeb NO, Eltom MA, Mahadi EO, Wikblad K, Berne C. Health-related quality of life in insulin-treated diabetic patients in the Sudan. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 1999; 46(1):65-73.
17
Awadalla AW, Ohaeri JU, Tawfiq AM, Al-Awadi SA. Subjective quality of life of outpatients with diabetes: comparison with family caregivers’ impressions and control group. J Natl Med Assoc. 2006; 98(5):737-45.
18
Zulian LR, Santos MA, Veras VS, Rodrigues FF, Arrelias CC, Zanetti ML. Quality of life in patients with diabetes using the Diabetes 39 (D-39) instrument. Rev Gaúcha Enferm. 2013; 34(3):138-46.
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Ramadan Fasting on Tuberculin Skin Test and Leukocyte Count
Introduction: Annually, many Muslims fast during the month of Ramadan worldwide. This practice has different favorable medical and physiological effects, such as improved serum lipid profile and blood glucose level due to changes in diet and sleep patterns. It has also been hypothesized that Ramadan fasting may affect the immune system. As reported, Ramadan fasting can influence the immunoglobulin and cytokine levels. Accordingly, tuberculin skin test or purified protein derivative (PPD) test, which is a delayed-type hypersensitivity of cellular immune response, may also be affected by Ramadan fasting. Regarding this, the present study aimed to investigate the alteration of PPD test during and after Ramadan. Methods: A total of 42 males (seminary students) who fasted during Ramadan in 2006 were included in the study; however, only 28 cases completed the study. For data collection, the participants underwent blood and tuberculin tests at the fourth week of Ramadan and three months after this month. The white blood cell (WBC) count and the tuberculin induration were recorded and compared between the two intervals to evaluate the changes. Results: According to the results of the study, the mean age of the participants was 19.21±3.83 years. Furthermore, the mean tuberculin induration was 9.3±5.4 mm (size range: 2-22 mm) on the fourth week of Ramadan, which increased to 9.79±6.8 mm (size range: 3-35 mm) three months after this month (P=0.501). The mean count of WBC decreased insignificantly from 5907±1879 mcL to 5601±1362 mcL after Ramadan (P=0.334). Additionally, the mean lymphocytes count decreased significantly from 2292±520/mcL to 2023±486/mcL after this month (P=0.003). Likewise, the lymphocyte (P=0.014) and mean neutrophil percentage also reduced significantly (P<0.001). However, there was no association between PPD test and WBC, lymphocyte, or neutrophil count (P>0.05). Conclusion: As the findings of the present study indicated, Ramadan fasting induce some changes in the immune status, including lymphocyte and neutrophil percentage and count; however, it does not affect the PPD results.
https://jnfh.mums.ac.ir/article_8179_c30fd85eb01d39b83247ade6af7aa38d.pdf
2017-03-01
1
5
10.22038/jfh.2017.20130.1072
fasting
Tuberculin Test
Leukocytes
Jafar
Nasiri
jhnasiri@yahoo.com
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abolfazl
Khoshdel
nikakhosh@gmail.com
2
Associate Professor, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
AUTHOR
Soleiman
Kheiri
kheiri.soleiman@gmail.com
3
Associate Professor, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
AUTHOR
Amirgholi
Jafari Boroujeni
jafariborojeni@yahoo.com
4
Assistant Professor, Islamic Medicine Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
AUTHOR
Laway BA, Ashraf H. Basic rules of Ramadan: a medico-religious perspective. J Pak Med Assoc. 2015; 65(5 Suppl 1):S14-7.
1
Trepanowski JF, Bloomer RJ. The impact of religious fasting on human health. Nutr J. 2010; 9(1):57.
2
Azizi F. Islamic fasting and health. Ann Nutr Metab. 2010; 56(4):273-82.
3
Meo SA, Hassan A. Physiological changes during fasting in Ramadan. J Pak Med Assoc. 2015; 65(5 Suppl 1):S6-14.
4
World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis control: surveillance, planning, financing: WHO report 2006. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2006.
5
Huebner RE, Schein MF, Bass JB Jr. The tuberculin skin test. Clin Infect Dis. 1993; 17(6):968-75.
6
Hatemi G, Melikoglu M, Fresko I, Masatlioglu S, Tascilar K, Yazici H. Infliximab does not suppress the tuberculin skin test (purified protein derivative). J Rheumatol. 2007; 34(3):474-80.
7
Latifynia A, Vojgani M, Abofazeli T, Jafarieh H. Circulating immune complex during Ramadan. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2007; 19(2):15-8.
8
Develioglu ON, Kucur M, Ipek HD, Celebi S, Can G, Kulekci M. Effects of Ramadan fasting on serum immunoglobulin G and M, and salivary immunoglobulin A concentrations. J Int Med Res. 2013; 41(2):463-72.
9
Mohammed KI, Mahmood MM. Effect of Ramadan fasting on the levels of IL-1α, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-8 cytokines. Diyala J Pure Sci. 2010; 6:308-13.
10
Chaouachi A, Coutts AJ, Wong DP, Roky R, Mbazaa A, Amri M, et al. Haematological, inflammatory, and immunological responses in elite judo athletes maintaining high training loads during Ramadan. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2009; 34(5):907-15.
11
Faris MA, Kacimi S, Al-Kurd RA, Fararjeh MA, Bustanji YK, Mohammad MK, et al. Intermittent fasting during Ramadan attenuates proinflammatory cytokines and immune cells in healthy subjects. Nutr Res. 2012; 32(12):947-55.
12
Rahmani M, Zarei M. the effect of holly fasting month of Ramadan on the delayed type hypersensitivity response to purified protein derivative. Sci J Hamadan Univ Med Sci Health Ser. 2003; 10(1):52-6. (Persian).
13
Mackin LA. Screening for tuberculosis in the primary care setting. Lippincotts Prim Care Pract. 1997; 2(6):599-610.
14
Yang H, Kruh-Garcia NA, Dobos KM. Purified protein derivatives of tuberculin-past, present, and future. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2012; 66(3):273-80.
15
Maughan RJ, Leiper JB, Bartagi Z, Zrifi R, Zerguini Y, Dvorak J. Effect of Ramadan fasting on some biochemical and haematological parameters in Tunisian youth soccer players undertaking their usual training and competition schedule. J Sports Sci. 2008; 26(Suppl 3):S39-46.
16
Sarraf-Zadegan N, Atashi M, Naderi GA, Baghai AM, Asgary S, Fatehifar MR, et al. The effect of fasting in Ramadan on the values and interrelations between biochemical, coagulation and hematological factors. Ann Saudi Med. 2000; 20(5-6):377-81.
17
Nematy M, Alinezhad-Namaghi M, Rashed MM, Mozhdehifard M, Sajjadi SS, Akhlaghi S, et al. Effects of Ramadan fasting on cardiovascular risk factors: a prospective observational study. Nutr J. 2012; 11(1):69.
18
Askari V, Alavinezhad A, Boskabady M. The impact of “Ramadan fasting period” on total and differential white blood cells, haematological indices, inflammatory biomarker, respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function tests of healthy and asthmatic patients. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr). 2016; 44(4):359-67.
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of Fasting and Detraining on Body Composition, Lipid Profile and Maximum Oxygen Uptake of Active Postmenopausal Women
Introduction: During Ramadan, type and amount of energy intake dramatically change in Muslims and fasting individuals often reduce the duration and intensity of physical activities or avoid exercise during this month. However, one of the major issues of trainers and athletes is lack of training, which could have adverse effects on some cardiovascular parameters. Methods: This research was conducted on 19 healthy menopausal women, selected via convenience and purposive sampling. Two study groups consisted of inactive menopausal women with fasting (n=9) and fasting women with a detraining period (n=10), who regularly exercised before Ramadan, but avoided physical activity during this month. Anthropometric indices, maximum oxygen uptake and lipid profile indicators of the samples were measured before and after Ramadan. Data analysis was performed using Student's t-test. Results: In this study, no significant changes were observed in the body composition indicators: body mass index, body fat percentage and waist-to-hip ratio of the study groups. According to our findings, while the maximum oxygen uptake decreased in both groups, this reduction was not statistically significant. In addition, while high-density lipoprotein levels significantly decreased and low-density lipoprotein levels significantly increased, no significant changes were observed in the levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride in the fasting with a detraining period group. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, while fasting for one month led to no significant improvement in the cardiovascular risk factors of inactive postmenopausal women, it had no adverse effect on lipid profile indicators.
https://jnfh.mums.ac.ir/article_8284_3960d0d7a7c1054afac1c47a6288eeb0.pdf
2017-03-01
6
11
10.22038/jfh.2017.20231.1074
Detraining
lipid profile
Postmenopause
Ramadan fasting
Seyyed Reza
Attarzadeh Hosseini
attarzadeh@um.ac.ir
1
Professor in Sport Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Samaneh
Farahati
samanehfarahati@yahoo.com
2
Ph.D Student of Sport Physiology, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Adlouni A, Ghalim N, Saile R, Had N, Parra HJ, Benslimance A. Beneficial effect on serum apo AI, apo B and Lp AI levels of Ramadan fasting. Clin Chim Acta. 1998; 271(2):179-89.
1
Toda M, Morimoto K. Effects of Ramadan fasting on the health of Muslims. Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi. 2000; 54(4):592-6.
2
Chtourou H, Hammouda O, Souissi H, Chamari K, Chaouachi A, Souissi N. The effect of Ramadan fasting on physical performances, mood state and perceived exertion in young footballers. Asian J Sports Med. 2011; 2(3):177–85.
3
Kordi MR, Siahkohian M. A survey on the effect of detraining on elite national team weightlifters performance and body composition. Harakat. 2001; 7(7):51-66.
4
Pihl E, Zilmer K, Kullisaar T, Kairane C, Pulges A, Zilmer M. High-sensitive protein level and oxidative stress-related status in former atheletes in relation to traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Atheros-clerosis. 2003; 171(2):321-6.
5
Nematy M, Alinezhad-Namaghi M, Rashed MM, Mozhdehifard M, Sajjadi SS, Akhlaghi S, et al. Effects of Ramadan fasting on cardiovascular risk factors: a prospective observational study. Nutr J. 2012; 11:69.
6
Ziaee V, Razaei M, Ahmadinejad Z, Shaikh H, Yousefi R, Yarmohammadi L, et al. The changes of metabolic profile and weight during Ramadan fasting. Singapore Med J. 2006; 47(5):409-14.
7
Khafaji H, Bener A, Osman M, Al Merri A, Al Suwaidi J. The impact of diurnal fasting during Ramadan on the lipid profile, hs-CRP, and serum leptin in stable cardiac patients. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2012; 8:7–14.
8
Dejgah R. Effects of fasting on body weight and plasma lipid levels. Iran J Endocrinol Metabol. 2001; 3:42-6.
9
Adlouni A, Ghalim N, Benslimane A, Lecery JM, Saile R. Fasting during Ramadan induces a marked increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Ann Nutr Metab. 1997; 41(4):242–9.
10
Sarrafzadegan N, Atashi M, Naderi GA, Asgary SM, Fatehifar MR, Samarian H, et al. The effect of fasting in Ramadan on the values and interrelations between biochemical, coagulation and hematological factors. Ann Saudi Med. 2000; 20(5-6):377-81.
11
Al-Hourani HM, Atoum MF. Body composition, nutrient intake and physical activity patterns in young women during Ramadan. Singapore Med J. 2007; 48(10):906-10.
12
Moazami M, Bijeh N, Abbasian S. A comparison of the effects of Ramadan fasting and regular aerobic exercise on 70-kda heat shock protein (Hsp70), lipid profile and resistance insulin in non-active obese men. Iran J Endocrinol Metabol. 2013; 15(1):67-77.
13
Chaouachi A, Chamari K, Roky R, Wong P, Mbazaa A, Bartagi Z, et al. Lipid profile of judo athletes during Ramadan. Int J Sports Med. 2008; 29(4):282-8.
14
Shephard RJ. The impact of Ramadan observance upon athletic performance. Nutrients. 2012; 4(6):491-505.
15
Kirkendall DT, Leiper JB, Bartagi Z, Dvorak J, Zerguini Y. The influence of Ramadan on physical perfor-mance measures in young Muslim footballers. J Sports Sci. 2008; 26(Suppl 3):S15-27.
16
Zerguini Y, Dvorak J, Maughan RJ, Leiper JB, Bartagi Z, Kirkendall DT, et al. Influence of Ramadan fasting on physiological and performance variables in football players: summary of the F-MARC 2006 Ramadan fasting study. J Sports Sci. 2008; 26(Suppl 3):S3-6.
17
Attarzade Hosseini SR, Sardar MA, Nematy M, Farahati S. The Effects of aerobic exercise during Ramadan on the levels of Leptin and Adiponectin in overweight women. J Fasting Health. 2015; 3(1):35-42.
18
Ramadan J. Does fasting during Ramadan alter body composition, blood constituents and physical performance? Med Princ Pract. 2002; 11(Suppl 2):41-6.
19
Furuncuoglu Y, Karaca E, Aras S, Yönem A. Metabolic, biochemical and psychiatric alterations in healthy subjects during Ramadan. Pak J Nutr. 2007; 6(3):209-11.
20
Karli U, Guvenc A, Aslan A, Hazir T, Acikada C. Influence of Ramadan fasting on anaerobic performance and recovery following short time high intensity exercise. J Sport Sci Med. 2007; 6(4):490-7.
21
Boobes Y, Bernieh B, Al Hakim MR. Fasting Ramadan in kidney transplant patients is safe. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2009; 20(2):198-200.
22
Haghdoost AA, PoorRanjbar M. The interaction between physical activity and fasting on the serum lipid profile during Ramadan. Singapore Med J. 2009; 50(9):897-901.
23
Tayebi SM, Hanachi P, Niaki AG, Ali PN, Ghaziani FG. Ramadan fasting and weight-lifting training on vascular volumes and hematological profile in young male weight-lifters. Global J Health Sci. 2010; 2(1):161-6.
24
Saada DA, Selselet G, Belkacemi L, Chabane OA, Italhi M, Bekada AM, et al. Effect of Ramadan fasting on glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, insulin, lipids and proteinous concentrations in women with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Afr J Biotechnol. 2010; 9(1):87-94.
25
Gharbi M, Akrout M, Zouari B. Food intake during and outside Ramadan. East Mediterr Health J. 2003; 9(1-2):131-40.
26
Khoshniat M, Shadman Z, Larijani B. Ramadan fasting and exercise: review article. Sport Biom Sci. 2011; 2(4):1-18.
27
Ranjbar R, Ahmadizad S, Khoshniyat NM, Salimi A. The effect of endurance training accompanied by fasting and a period of detraining on plasma adiponectin levels and insulin resistance index in sedentary males. Sport Physiol. 2012; 4(15):163-79.
28
Hamedinia Kakah R, Amiri Parsa T, Azarnive M, Hamedinia M. The Effect of resistance training, aerobic training and detraining on the lipid profile and CRP in obese girls. Q J Sabzevar Univ Med Sci. 2011; 18(3):188-97.
29
LeMura LM, Duvillard SP, Andreacci J, Klebez JM, Chelland SA, Russo J. Lipid and lipoprotein profile, cardiovascular fitness, body composition, and diet during and after resistance, aerobic and combination training in young women. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2000; 82(5-6):451-8.
30
Couillard C, Després JP, Lamarche B, Bergeron J, Gagnon J, Leon AS, et al. Effects of endurance exercise training on plasma HDL cholesterol levels depend on levels of triglycerides: evidence from men of the Health, Risk Factors, Exercise Training and Genetics (HERITAGE) family study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2001; 21(7):1226-32.
31
Memari AH, Kordi R, Panahi N, Nikookar LR, Abdollahi M, Akbarnejad A. Effect of Ramadan fasting on body composition and physical performance in female athletes. Asian J Sports Med. 2011; 2(3):161-6.
32
Lotfi S, Madani M, Abassi A, Tazi A, Boumahmaza M, Talbi M. CNS activation, reaction time, blood pressure and heart rate variation during ramadan intermittent fasting and exercise. World J Sports Sci. 2010; 3(1):37-43.
33
Meckel Y, Ismael A, Eliakim A. The effect of the Ramadan fast on physical performance and dietary habits in adolescent soccer players. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2008; 102(6):651-7.
34
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Regular Walking and Alternate Day Fasting on Health-Related Factors in Overweight and Obese Females
Introduction: Obesity is a complex health problem. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of regular walking with alternate day fasting (ADF) on health-related factors of overweight and obese females. Methods: 30 healthy inactive, overweight and obese women were divided randomly into three equal groups. The groups were: control group (BMI: 30.72±4.40 kg/m2); the experimental group I: ADF along with regular walking with 50% to 65% maximal heart rate (BMI: 28.69 ±2.81 kg/m2) and the experimental group II: ADF (BMI: 30.56 ±3.66 kg/m2). Participants were under the diet for six weeks. The diet ADF means that, they had days of fasting and free day (with regular walking), alternately. Two days before and two days after the end of the study, the participants’ fasting blood sugar were measured after 12 hours. Resting heart rate, blood pressure and body composition were assessed in the same day. The collected data were analyzed using paired t-test and ANOVA test. Results: Body mass index in both experimental groups had significant decrease (P<0.05). Decreasing body fat percent, from pre-test to post test was significant only in the experimental group I (P=0.006). The significant difference was found between groups in this reduction (P<0.05). In the experimental group II, lean body mass showed significant increase and blood glucose showed significant decrease (P<0.05). No significant changes were found in other variables (P>0.05). Conclusion: The regular walking program and ADF diet is an effective method for improving body mass index, body fat percentage and blood sugar.
https://jnfh.mums.ac.ir/article_8226_4d89c71faddbcba08ff932cce2c6fe8d.pdf
2017-03-01
12
19
10.22038/jfh.2017.21121.1079
BMI
Obesity
Diet
walking
Roya
Seighali
roya.seighaly@gmail.com
1
Department of Physical Education, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
AUTHOR
Zahra
Hojjati Zidashti
z_hoj@yahoo.com
2
Department of Physical Education, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Rahmani-Nia F, Hojjati Z. Prevention and treatment of obesity. Tehran: Hatmi; 2013 (Persian).
1
Varady KA, Bhutani S, Church EC, Klempel MC. Short-term modified alternate-day Fasting: a novel dietary strategy for weight loss and cardioprotection in obese adults. Am Soc Nutr. 2009; 90(5):1138-43.
2
Ehrman JK, Gordon PM, Visich PS, Keteyian SJ. Clinical exercise physiology. Australia: Human Kinetics; 2013.
3
Attarzadeh Hoseini S, Rahimiyan Mashhad Z. Comparison the effect of aerobic training and diet on Body Composition and Metabolic Syndrome Indexes in overweight and obese women. Appl Res Sport Manag. 2012; 3(1):27-36 (Persian).
4
Souri R, Ravasi AA, Gaeini A, Aminian Razavi T, Kordi M. The Effect of training intensity on cardiovascular risk factors in non-athlete students. Res Sport Sci. 2007; 5:133–45 (Persian).
5
Bambaeichi E. Effect of regular walking on cardiovascular risk factors and risk of prevalence cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal females with history of menstrual cycle Irregularity during reproductive years. Sport Physiol. 2013; 5(17):131–49 (Persian).
6
de Azevedo FR, Ikeoka D, Caramelli B. Effects of intermittent fasting on metabolism in men. Rev Assoc Méd Bras. 2013; 59(2):167-73.
7
Sawashita J, Onitsuka S, Gen-no H, Ishikawa S, Iino F, Tateishi N, et al. Effects of mild calorie restriction and high-intensity interval walking n middle-aged and older overweight Japanese. Exp Gerontol. 2009; 44(10):666-75.
8
Pasdar Y, Moridi S, Najafi F, Niazi P, Heidary M. The effect of nutritional intervention and physical activities on weight reduction. J Kermanshah Univ Med Sci. 2012; 15(6):427-35 (Persian).
9
Ross KM, Milsom VA, Rickel KA, DeBraganza N, Gibbons LM, Murawski ME, et al. The contribution of weight loss and increased physical fitness to improvements in health-related quality of life. Eat Behav 2009; 10(2):48-88.
10
Eshghinia S, Mohammadzadeh F. The effects of modified alternate-day fasting diet on weight loss and CAD risk factors in overweight and obese women. J Diabetes Metab Disord. 2013; 12(1):4.
11
Klempel MC, Kroger CM, Norkeviciute E, Goslawski M, Philips SA, Varady KA. Benefit of a low-fat over high-fat diet on vascular health during alternate day fasting. Nutr Diabetes. 2013; 3:e71.
12
Varady KA, Bhutani S, Klempel MC, Kroger CM. Comparison of effects of diet versus exercise weight loss regimens on LDL and HDL particle size in obese adults. Lipids Health Dis. 2011; 10:119.
13
Beam W, Adams GM. Exercise physiology laboratory manual. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Higher Education; 2013.
14
Hojati Z. Nutrition. 1st ed. Rasht: Dehsara; 2012 (Persian).
15
Francis D, Hali E. Book facts about the readiness of sports and fitness. Rasht: University of Guilan; 2000 (Persian).
16
Zarneshan A. Synergic effect of aerobic exercise training (moderate intensity) and soya intake on blood pressure & rest heart rate in obese postmenopausal women. Bio J Hoemozgan Univ Med Sci. 2014; 18(1):55–63 (Persian).
17
Moradi H, Kolahdozi S, Ahmadi Kani Golzar F, Arabzade Ghahyazi Hasjodi F, Rezvan K. The Effects of eight weeks resistance training and green tea supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in overweight men. J Shahrekord Univ Med Sci. 2014; 16(4):77–87 (Persian).
18
McArdle WD, Katch FI, Katch VL. Exercise physiology: energy, nutrition, and human performance. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2010.
19
Maughan RJ, Gleeson M, Greenhaff PL. Biochemistry of exercise & training. Trans: Gaeini A, Hamedinia M, Kaoshkijahromy M, Fathi M. Tehran: Daneshgahi Publication; 2006 (Persian).
20
Gayda M, Choquet D, Ahmadi S. Effects of exercise training modality on skeletal muscle fatigue in men with coronary heart disease. J Electrom Kinesol. 2009; 19(2):32-9.
21
Ramzani Nejad R. Motor Development. Rasht: University of Guilan; 1999 (Persian).
22
Karimi M, Eshrati B. The effects of health promotion model-based training on promoting students' physical activity. J Kermanshah Univ Med Sci. 2012; 16(3):192-200.
23
Esfarjani F, Rashidi F, Marandi SM. The effect of aerobic exercise on blood glucose, Lipid Profile and Apo. J Ardabil Univ Med Sci. 2013; 13(2):132–41.
24
Arazi H, Jorbonian A, Asghari E. Comparison of concurrent (resistance-aerobic) and aerobic training on VO2max lipid profile, blood glucose and blood pressure in middle-aged men at risk for cardiovascular disease. Shahid Sadughi Univ Med Sci Health Serv. 2012; 20(5):627–38 (Persian).
25
Alizadeh Z, Kordi R, Hossein-Zadeh Attar MJ, Mansournia MA. The effects of continuous and intermittent aerobic exercise on lipid profile and fasting blood sugar in women with a body mass index more than 25 kg/m2: a randomized controlled trial. Tehran Univ Med J. 2011; 69(4):253–9 (Persian).
26
Naghi MR, Almadadi M. Effect of regular physical activity as a basic component of lifestyle modification on reducing major cardiovascular risk factors. J Know Health. 2001; 6(1):27-35.
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Impact of Ramadan Fasting on Energy Intake and Anthropometry of Type 2 Diabetics-Study in Two Regions of the Central Highlands and Southeastern Algeria
Introduction:During the month of Ramadan, muslims change their lifestyle. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of Ramadan fasting on the energy intake and anthropometry of type 2 diabetics. Methods:Epidemiological study by questionnaire were collected before (T0), during (T1) and after (T3) Ramadan 2013. The data were collected during medical consultations in sanitary establishments in two regions of the central highlands (Boussaâda) and the south-east of Algeria (Djamaâ). The survey card concerned a food recording and anthropometry repeated during the 3 time periods mentioned before. Results:The study concerned 476 diabetics (255 women, 221 men) with the mean age of 54.9±4.7 years old. 66.4% of diabetics of Boussaâda and 61.8% of Djamaâ followed nutritional education sessions preparing for fasting (p˃0.05). The number of fasting days during the month of Ramadan is 24.0±1.7days. By comparing both of the regions, no significant difference was observed in the energy intake distribution and in macronutriments of the diabetics (p>0.05). By comparing the 3 periods, the diabetics of Boussaâda had an energy intake significantly increased at T1 (p=0.000). In Djamaâ, the energy intake decreased from T0 to T2 (p=0.000). The energy distribution of macronutrients remained stable (p>0.05) between the three periods. Body mass index, waist circumference and the waist-to-hip ratio were significantly decreased from T0 to T2 (p<0.05). Conclusion:Ramadan had an influence on the energy intake and anthropometry of diabetics. Food consumed during the fast-breaking meal is characterized by its richness in carbohydrates and lipids. Nutritional education sessions provide the diabetic patients deciding to fast with a chance for properly managing their condition.
https://jnfh.mums.ac.ir/article_8606_9b3927a598e38af1e81e7e6b05494bbb.pdf
2017-03-01
31
37
10.22038/jfh.2017.22333.1082
Ramadan fasting
Type 2 diabetes
Energy intake
Anthropometric
Algeria
Meriem
Bencharif
meriem.bencharif@umc.edu.dz
1
Institute of Nutrition, Food and Agro-Food Technologies (INATAA), University of Brother`s Mentouri Constantine (UFMC), Algeria
LEAD_AUTHOR
Amal
Fenaghra
fenaghra.amal@outlook.fr
2
Institute of Nutrition, Food and Agro-Food Technologies (INATAA), University of Brother`s Mentouri Constantine (UFMC), Algeria
AUTHOR
Chaima
Boudaoud
boudaoudchaima16@gmail.com
3
Institute of Nutrition, Food and Agro-Food Technologies (INATAA), University of Brother`s Mentouri Constantine (UFMC), Algeria
AUTHOR
Nour El Houda
Hadji
rayenne13@yahoo.fr
4
Institute of Nutrition, Food and Agro-Food Technologies (INATAA), University of Brother`s Mentouri Constantine (UFMC), Algeria
AUTHOR
Hamida
Benyaya
raykis2500@gmail.com
5
Institute of Nutrition, Food and Agro-Food Technologies (INATAA), University of Brother`s Mentouri Constantine (UFMC), Algeria
AUTHOR
Youcef
Benabbas
carpedeam25@yahoo.fr
6
Service of Internal Medicine, Hospital University, Constantine, Algeria
AUTHOR
Ababou M, Ababou R, El Maliki A. Le jeûne du Ramadan au Maroc: un dilemme pour les patients diabétiques et les soignants. Sci Soc Santé. 2008; 26(2):79-104.
1
Sebbani M, El-Ansari N, EL-Mghariet G, Amine M. Food intake during the month of Ramadan in Moroccan patients with type 2 diabetes. East Mediterr Health J. 2013; 19(3):276-81.
2
Ismail S, Shamsuddin K, Latiff KA, Saad HA, Majid LA, Othman FM. Voluntary fasting to control post-Ramadan weight gain among overweight and obese women. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 2015; 15(1):98-104.
3
Ciqual T. French food composition table. French Agency for Food, Environnemental and Occu-pationnel health and safety; Available at: URL: http://www.afssa.fr/TableCIQUAL/; 2012.
4
Souci SW, Fachmann W, Kraut H. Food composition and nutrition tables. 7th ed. London: Medpham Scientific Publishers stuttgart; 2008.
5
World Health Organization. Measuring obesity: classification and description of anthropometric data. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1989.
6
Federation ID. IDF diabetes atlas. 7th ed. Brussels: International Diabetes Federation; 2015. P. 142.
7
Smaoui N. Diabète et Ramadan: Représentations, croyances et pratiques de santé des patients et des soignants. Evaluation d’un programme d’éducation thérapeutique adapte. [Master Thesis]. Riverside, CA: University Honors Peer Network; 2011. P. 1-224.
8
Bravis V, Hui E, Salih S, Mehar S, Hassanein M, Devendra D. Ramadan Education and Awareness in Diabetes (READ) programme for Muslims with type 2 diabetes who fast during Ramadan. Diabet Med. 2010; 27(3):327-31.
9
Khaled MB, Menadi N, Boumediene A, Ktob A, Halfaoui S, Boukhatmi F. Rôle de l’éducation nutritionnelle dans la prise en charge du diabétique de type 2 pendant le Ramadan. Diabetes Metab. 2013; 39(1):1262-3.
10
Martin A. The “apports nutritionnels conseillés (ANC)” for the French population. Reprod Nutr. Dev. 2001; 41(2):119-28.
11
Hui E, Bravis V, Hassanein M, Hanif W, Malik R, Chowdhury TA, et al. Management of people with diabetes wanting to fast during Ramadan. BMJ. 2010; 340:1407-11.
12
Cano N, Barnoud D, Schneider SM, Vasson MP, Hasselmann M, Leverve X. Traité de nutrition artificielle de l'adulte. 3rd ed. Paris: Springer Science & Business Media; 2006. P. 650-2.
13
Benaji B, Mounib N, Roky R, Aadil N, Houti IE, Moussamih S, et al. Diabetes and Ramadan: review of the literature. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2006; 73(2):117-25.
14
Bouguerra R, Belkadhi A, Jabrane J, Hamzaoui J, Maâtki C, Ben Rayana MC, et al. Metabolic effects of Ramadan fasting on type 2 diabetes. East Mediterr Health J. 2003; 9(5-6):1099-108.
15
Sadiya A, Ahmed S, Siddieg HH, Babas IJ, Carlsson M. Effect of Ramadan fasting on metabolic markers, body composition, and dietary intake in Emiratis of Ajman (UAE) with metabolic syndrome. Diabetes, Metab Syndr Obes. 2011; 4:409-16.
16
Ouhdouch F, Adarmouch L, Errajraji A, Amine M, El Ansari N. Absence d’effets délétères du jeûne du Ramadan sur l’équilibre glycémique chez des patients diabétiques: rôle des consultations de préparation au jeûne, épidémiologie, coûts et organisation des soins. Méd Maladies Métab. 2011; 5(4):444-52.
17
Patel P, Mirakhur A, Abo El-Magd KM,Abo El-MattyAN, Al-Ghafri D. Type 2 Diabetes and its characteristics during Ramadan in Dhahira region Oman. Oman Med J. 2007; 22(3):16-23.
18
Gharbi M, Akrout M, Zouari B. Food intake during and outside Ramadan. East Mediterr Health J. 2003; 9(1-2):131-40.
19
Marquet A. Accompagnement des patients diabétiques au cours du jeune du ramadan: implication et besoins des équipes officinales. [Master Thesis]. Grenoble, France: University of Joseph Fourier; 2013. P. 1-132.
20
World Health Organization. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2000.
21
Norouzy A, Salehi M, Philippou E, Arabi H, Shiva F, Mehrnoosh S, et al. Effect of fasting in Ramadan on body composition and nutritional intake: a prospective study. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2013; 26(Suppl 1):97-104.
22