ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Is Esophageal Atresia a Natural Way of Fasting?
“One day in spring, April 2010 a middle aged woman with her infant rushed into the emergency room at a local hospital. The patient was an infant, only 8 days old with a weight of 2300 grams. He had a weight loss of 400 grams since his birth. He had frequent vomits with no toleration to breast feeding. Because of severe dehydration and his poor physical condition, he was hospitalized in the Newborn intensive care unit. The infant was firstly diagnosed with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, but then his ultrasound did not confirm it. Four days later, the patient was referred to the surgery department with the diagnosis of esophageal atresia (EA).” This was a true story from my colleague working in the pediatric department. The patient was diagnosed with EA, type C, survthe most common form of EA, which the upper esophagus ends in a blind pouch and there is a tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) that is connected to the distal esophagus. This type of TEF prevents the patient from swallowing anything, and management of dehydration and hypoglycemia is necessary for survival.
https://jnfh.mums.ac.ir/article_769_86a9e082173fabac39bb01dfc717b7c2.pdf
2013-07-01
41
42
10.22038/jfh.2013.769
Esophageal atresia
fasting
Ahmad
Shah Farhat
1
Neonatal Research Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad Amin
Kerachian
kerachianma@mums.ac.ir
2
Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
1- Gopal M. and Woodward M. Potential hazards of contrast study diagnosis of esophageal atresia. J Pediatr Surg. 2007 Jun;42(6):E9-10.
1
2- Farhat A.S., Mohammadzadeh A., and Faal G. Survival of neonate after nine days without feeding. Iranian J. of Neonatology. 2012; 1(3):40-41.
2
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Concept and Canons of Fasting in Ayurveda
Ayurveda, manoeuvres mankind to head a healthy life in order to pursue four-fold bliss. With a view to combat physical and mental annoyances, classics have explicated two-fold therapeutic modalities; langhana/depletion and brihmana/nourishing. Upavasa /fasting is one among ten depletion therapies explained. It is envisioned at all three levels of Ayurvedic therapies- rational/objectively planned, psychological, and spiritual. Fasting is reckoned to be refraining from all forms of food intake for a given period, under supervision of a qualified physician. Acharya Charaka advocates fasting in diseases of milder intensity, in those due to aama (metabolic toxin), after purificatory procedures. Fasting person should avoid beautifying oneself, day sleep, sexual acts, and feasting prior and ulterior to fasting. Fasting is contraindicated in very young, elderly, emaciated, pregnant lady, and shortly after strenuous exercise. The principle avers that fasting kindles metabolic/digestive fire which, in absence of food, brings about paachana of vitiated doshas, thereby riposting health. Sound fasting ensues proper elimination of excretory wastes, clear belch, sweat, and taste for food. Benefits of fasting include lucidity of sense organs, lightness of body and mind, control of diseases, and enthusiasm. Yoga Shastra describes fasting with respect to three levels of food: physical, impressions, and associations and a means to unite three bodies: astral, physical, and causal. Ayurveda thus advocates fasting depending upon the dosha, agni, vaya, kala, and bala of the individual, as a preventive as well as therapeutic modality.
https://jnfh.mums.ac.ir/article_419_8019feae54f27cc919a5adb26ff0fb0f.pdf
2013-07-01
37
40
10.22038/jfh.2013.419
Ayurveda
fasting
Depletion
preventive
Therapeutic
H
Shripathi Adiga
email:adigayur@gmail.com
1
Assistant Professor, Department of Ayurveda, KMC, Manipal University, Manipal-576104, Udupi, Karnataka, India.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ramya
Adiga
e-mail:adigayur@gmail.com
2
Ayurvedic Consultant, w/o Dr. Shripathi Adiga, ‘Aryavartha’ Hegde temple, Handady, Brahmavara-576213, Udupi, Karnataka, India.
AUTHOR
1. Sharma, Dr.Ram Karan and Dash, Vaidya Bhagawan, [trans.]. Agnivesha's Charaka Samhitha. seventh . Varanasi : Chowkahmba Sanskrit Series office, 2001. Vol. 1. p. 19.
1
2. Deasi, Vaidya Ranjith Roy. Ayurveda Kriya Shareera. Allahabad : Sri Baidyanath Ayurveda Bhavan Limited, 1999. pp. 18-21.
2
3. Caraka Samhitha of Agnivesa. [ed.] Kashinath Shastri and Gangasahaya Pandeya. eighth. Varanasi : Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, 2004, Vol. 1, 22; shloka 3-18, pp. 289-290.
3
4. Chakrapanidasa. Abhinava Chintamani. [trans.] Prem Kishore, Sudarshan Das and Madhavachandra Nanda. first. New Delhi : Kendriya Ayurveda and Siddha Anusandhana Kendra, 1999. p. 67.
4
5. Radhakanthadeva. Shabda Kalpa Druma. New Delhi : Rashtriya Sanskrit Pratishtana., 2002. Vol. 1.p. 260.
5
6. Vagbhata. Astangahrdayam. [ed.] Pt. Bhishagacharya Harishastri Paradkar Vaidya. [trans.] Dr. Anna Moreswar Kunte and Krishna Ramachandra Shastri Navre. reprint. Varanasi : Krishnadas Academy, 2000, 14, Sutrasthana, pp. 224- 229.
6
7. Astanga Hridaya. [book auth.] Vagbhata. Varanasi : Krishnadas Academy, 2001, Sutrasthana 24th, pp. 101-102.
7
8. Sushrutha. Sushruta Samhita. [ed.] Ambikadutta Shastri. 14. Varanasi : Chaukhamba Sanskrit Sansthan, Vol. 1, 46, Sutrasthana, pp. 223-224.
8
9. The Charaka Samhita of Agnivesa. [ed.] Jadavji Trikamji Acharya. New Delhi : Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd. , 1992, 3, Vimanasthana, p. 246.
9
10. Vagbhata, Vriddha. Astanga Samgraha. Varanasi : Chowkambha Sanskrit Prathisthan, 2011, Vol. , Sutrasthana, 24, p. 436.
10
11. Radhakanthadeva. Shabda Kalpa Druma. New Delhi : Rashtriya Sanskrit Pratishtana., 2002. Vol. 1. p. 260.
11
12. Frawley, David. Pratyahara: the forgotten limb of yoga. www.abuddhistlibrary.com/..../. [Online] [Cited: October 28, 2010.] http://www.abuddhistlibrary.com/Buddhism
12
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Islamic Fasting and Diabetes
The aim of this article is to review health-related aspects of Ramadan fasting in normal individuals and diabetics. During fasting days of Ramadan, glucose homeostasis is maintained by meal taken bepore dawn and by liver glycogen stores. Changes in serum lipids are variable and defend on the quality and quantity of food consumption and changes in weight. Compliant, well controlled type 2 diabetics may observe Ramadan fasting; but fasting is not recommended for type 1, non complaint, poorly controlled and pregnant diabetics. Although Ramadan fasting is safe for all healthy individuals and well controlled diabetics, those with uncontrolled diabetics and diabetics with complications should consult physicians and follow scientific recommendations.
https://jnfh.mums.ac.ir/article_762_248b35731217288f3b91709a139b0629.pdf
2013-07-01
1
5
10.22038/jfh.2013.762
fasting
Glucose homeostasis
Glycogen
Diabetes Mellitus
Fereidoun
Azizi
azizi@endocrine.ac.ir
1
Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, I.R.Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Azizi F. Medical aspects of Islamic fasting. MJIRI 1996; 10:241-6.
1
Azizi F. Research in Islamic fasting and health. Annals of Saudi Medicine 2002; 122: 186-91.
2
Heber D. Starvation and Nutrition therapy. In: DeGroot LJ, Jameson JL (eds) Endocrinology. Fourth edition, vol 1, Philadelphia, Saunders, 2001; pp 642-5.
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Hasselbalch SG, Knudsen GM, Jakobsen J, Hageman LP, Holm S, Paulson OB. Blood-brain barrier permeability of glucose and ketone bodies during short-term starvation in humans. Am J Physiol 1995; 268: E1161-6.
4
Azizi F. Rasouli HA. Serum Glucose, Bilirubin, calcium, phosphorus, protein and albumin concentrations during Ramadan. Med J IRI 1987; 1: 38-41.
5
Temizhan A, Tandogan I, Donderici O, Demirbas B. The effects of Ramadan fasting on blood lipid levels. Am J Med 2000; 109:341-2.
6
Davidson JC. Muslims, Ramadan and diabetes melitus. Br Med J 1979; 2:1511-2.
7
El-Hazmi MAF, Al-Faleh FZ, Al-Mofleh IB. Effect of Ramadan fasting on the values of hematological and biochemical parameters. Saudi Med J 1987; 8: 171-6.
8
Hallak MH, Nomani MZA. Body weight loss and changes in blood lipid levels in normal men on hypocaloric diets during Ramadan fasting. Am J Clin Nutr 1988; 48: 1197-210.
9
Ziaee V, Razaei M, Ahmadinejad Z, Shaikh H, Yousefi R, Yarmohammadi L, Bozorgi F, Behjati MJ. The changes of metabolic profile and weight during Ramadan fasting. Singapore Med J 2006; 47: 409-14.
10
Salehi M, Neghab M. Effects of fasting and a medium calorie balanced diet during the holy month Ramadan on weight, BMI and some blood parameters of overweight males. Pak J Biol Sci 2007; 10: 968-71.
11
Rahman M, Rashid M, Basher S, Sultana S, Nomani MZ. Improved serum HDL cholesterol profile among Bangladeshi male students during Ramadan fasting. East Mediterr Health J 2004; 10: 131-7.
12
Bouhlel E, Salhi Z, Bouhlel H, Mdella S, Amamou A, Zaouali M, Mercier J, Bigard X, Tabka Z, Zbidi A, Shephard RJ. Effect of Ramadan fasting on fuel oxidation during exercise in trained male rugby players. Diabetes Metab 2006; 32: 617-24.
13
Akanji AO, Mojiminiyi OA, Abdella N. Beneficial changes in serum Apo A-1 and its ratio Apo B and HDL in stable hyperlipidemia subjects after Ramadan fasting in Kwait, Europ J Clin Nutr 2000; 54:508-13.
14
Gwinup G, Byron RC, Roush WH, et al. Effect of nibbling versus gorging on serum lipids in man. Am J Clin Nutr 1963; 13: 209-13.
15
Kassab S, Abdul-Ghaffar T, Nagalla DS, Sachdeva U, Nayar U. Interactions between leptin, neuropeptide-Y and insulin with chronic diurnal fasting during Ramadan. Ann Saudi Med 2004; 24: 345-9.
16
Bogdan A, Bouchareb B, Touitou Y. Response of circulating leptin to Ramadan daytime fasting: a circadian study. Br J Nutr 2005; 93: 515-8.
17
Afrasiabi A, Hassanzadeh S, Sattarivand R, Nouri M, Mahbood S. Effects of low fat and low calorie diet on plasma lipid levels in the fasting month of Ramadan. Saudi Med J 2003; 24: 184-8.
18
Fakhrzadeh H, Larijani B, Sanjari M, Baradar-Jalili R, Amini MR. Effect of Ramadan fasting on clinical and biochemical parameters in healthy adults. Ann Saudi Med 2003; 23: 223-6.
19
Salti I, Bénard E, Detournay B, Bianchi-Biscay M, Le Brigand C, Voinet C, Jabbar A; EPIDIAR study group. A population-based study of diabetes and its characteristics during the fasting month of Ramadan in 13 countries: results of the epidemiology of diabetes and Ramadan 1422/2001 (EPIDIAR) study. Diabetes Care 2004; 27: 2306-11.
20
Sulimani RA, Laajam M, Al-Attas O, Famuyiwa FO, Bashi S, Mekki MO, et al. The effect of Ramadan fasting on diabetes control in type II diabetic patients. Nutrition Research 1991; 11: 261-4.
21
Khatib FA, Shafagoj YA. Metabolic alterations as a result of Ramadan fasting in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus patients in relation to food intake. Saudi Med J 2004; 25: 1858-63.
22
Laajam MA. Ramadan fasting and non-insulin-dependent diabetes: Effect on metabolic control. East Afr Med J 1990; 67:732-6.
23
Salman H, Abdallah MA, AlHowasi M. Ramadan fasting in diabetic children in Riyadh. Diabetes Med 1992; 9:583-4.
24
Dehghan MR, Nafarabadi MT, Navai L, Azizi F. The effect of Ramadan fasting on blood glucose and lipids in type 2 diabetics. J Facult Med SBUMS 1994; 18:42-7.
25
Khaled BM, Bendahmane M, Belbraouet S. Ramadan fasting induces modifications of certain serum components in obese women with type 2 diabetes. Saudi Med J 2006; 27: 23-6.
26
Ahmadani MY, Riaz M, Gul A, Waheed MI, Hydrie MZ, Hakeem R, Basit A. Clinical profile of fasting diabetic subjects during Ramadan. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2007; 17: 446-7.
27
Cesur M, Corapcioglu D, Gursoy A, Gonen S, Ozduman M, Emral R, Uysal AR, Tonyukuk V, Yilmaz AE, Bayram F, Kamel N. A comparison of glycemic effects of glimepiride, repaglinide, and insulin glargine in type 2 diabetes mellitus during Ramadan fasting. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2007; 75: 141-7.
28
Mafauzy M, Mohammad WB, Anum MY, Zulkifli A, Ruhani AH. A study of fasting diabetic patients during the month of Ramadan. Med J Malaya 1990; 45:14-7.
29
Azizi F, Siahkolah B. Ramadan fasting and diabetes mellitus. Int J Ramadan Fast Res http/www.labs. Net/ains, J 98 Ar 2. htm, 1998; 2:6-10.
30
Sulimani RA, Famuyiwa FO, Laajam M. Diabetes mellitus and Ramadan fasting: the need for a critical appraisal. Diabetes Med 1988; 5: 589-91.
31
Al-Arouj M, Bouguerra R, Buse J, Hafez S, Hassanein M, Ibrahim MA, Ismail-Beigi F, El-Kebbi I, Khatib O, Kishawi S, Al-Madani A, Mishal AA, Al-Maskari M, Nakhi AB, Al-Rubean K. Recommendations for management of diabetes during Ramadan. Diabetes Care 2005; 28: 2305-11.
32
Mojaddid M, Hassanein M, Malik R. Prescribing in ethnic groups: Ramadan and diabetes-evidence based guidelines. Pract Diabet Int 2006; 17: 38-43.
33
Bakiner O, Ertorer ME, Bozkirli E. Repaglinide plus single-dose insulin glargine: a safe regimen for low-risk type 2 diabetic patients who insist on fasting in Ramadan. Acta Diabetol 2008;
34
Kadiri A, Al-Nakhi A, El-Ghazali S, et al. Treatment of type 1 diabetes with insulin lispro during Ramadan. Diabetes Med 2001; 27:482-6.
35
Bin-Abbas BS: Insulin pump therapy during Ramadan fasting in type 1 diabetic adolescents. Ann Saudi Med 2008; 28: 305-306.
36
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Fasting Consequences during Ramadan on Lipid Profile and Dietary Patterns
Introduction: The aim was to assess the effects on lifestyle and lipid profile while fasting during holy month of Ramadan. Methods: An interventional cohort study designed with 160 subjects who were fasting during Ramadan recruited from different mosques in Kermanshah. Data were collected in three stages at the beginning and at the end of Ramadan as well as one month following Ramadan using demographic and FFQ questionnaires. Blood pressure was measured and a 5 ml blood sample was collected in order to measure BUN, Creatinine, and lipid profile analysis. Results: Significant increases was observed in total cholesterol (P=0.02), LDL-C (P=0.001), HDL-C (P=0.001), and BUN (P=0.002) following Ramadan compared with earlier measurements. Triglyceride (TG) level decreased following Ramadan (P=0.04) but returned to the same level one month later. Systolic blood pressure increased and diastolic blood pressure decreased during fasting period. There was a significant decrease in cereals, dairy products, and meat consumption while consumption of fruits and vegetables have been increased during Ramadan (P=0.003). Conclusion: Our results revealed increased levels of T-Chol and LDL-C in fasting as well as HDL-C. Increased HDL-C may prevent the side effects of T-Chol and LDL-C in healthy subjects. Given the metabolic changes that occurred during Ramadan, healthy eating and intake of low fat and low sugar diet during Ramadan are highly recommended.
https://jnfh.mums.ac.ir/article_300_7c3bd8b69995b684584b5a6b3468c23d.pdf
2013-07-01
6
12
10.22038/jfh.2013.300
fasting
HDL–C
LDL-c
Ramadan
Sondos
Pirsaheb
1
General Practitioner, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
Yahya
Pasdar
yahya.pasdar@kums.ac.ir
2
Assistant Professor in Nutrition, Nutritional Sciences Department , Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Seied Jafar
Navabi
3
Assistant Professor in Internal Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
Mansour
Rezaei
4
Assistant Professor in Biostatistics, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
Mitra
Darbandi
5
BSc in Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
Parisa
Niazi
6
BSc in Nutrition, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
AUTHOR
Nomani M.Z.A, Hallak M.H, Nomani S, Siddiqui I.P. Changes in blood urea and glucose and their association with energy. Contaning nutrients in men on hypocaloric diet during Ramadan. Am J Clin,NUTT 1989;49:1141-45.
1
An analysis of the world muslim population by country / region(article online). 2005.
2
Ref Type: Internet Communication.
3
Cheah SH, Ch'ng SL, Husain R, Duncan MT. Effects of fasting during Ramadan on urinary excretion in Malaysian Muslims. Br J Nutr 1990;63:329-37.
4
Leiper JB, Molla AM, Molla AM. Effects on health of fluid restriction during fasting in Ramadan. Eur J Clin Nutr 2003;57(2):30-8.
5
http:,www. worldhealth.net/news/every-. other_day_fasting_may_reduce_cance 2012.
6
khadija-devi. Adverse Effects of Islamic Fasting CHOWK. /74462/51533. Retrieved . http://www chowk com/ilogs 2009;74462)51533.(
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Ramadan.Health effects of fasting.http://www thelancet com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2809%2961506-3/fulltext 2009;374(9690):588.
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Ramadan J, Telahoun G, Al-Zaid NS, Barac-Nieto M. Responses to,exercise, fluid and energy balances during Ramadan in sedentary and active males. Nutrition 1999;15(735):39.
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http:, www. .ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7048891? dopt=Abstract&holding=npg 2012.
10
Ziai V, Yousefi R, Ahmadinejad Z, Sheikh H, Rezaei M, Behjati MJ. The effect of ramadan fasting on serum osmolarity, some electrolytes and hematological parameters. Shahid beheshti university of medical sciences & health services endocrine & metabolism research center 2007;9(1):47-53.
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Saleh Mansi KM. Study the Effects of Ramadan Fasting on the Serum Glucose andLipid Profile among Healthy Jordanian Students. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 2007, 4 (8): 565-569.
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Schemahl FW, Metzler B. The health risk of occupational stress in islamic industrial workers during the ramadan fasting period. Pol J Occup Med Environ Health 1991;4:219-28.
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Navaei L, Mehrabi Y, Azizi F. Changes in body weight, blood pressure, consumption pattern and biochemical parameters in diabetic patients during fasting in Ramadan. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism 2001;3(2):125-32.
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Sajid KM,Aktar M,Malia GO.Ramadan fasting and thyroid hormone profile.JPMA 1991;41(213):216.
16
Sadiya A, Ahmed S, Siddieg HH, Babas IJ, Carlsson M. Effect of Ramadan fasting on metabolic markers, body composition, and dietary intake in Emiratis of Ajman (UAE) with metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2011;4:409-16.
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Musaiger AO. Trends in diet- related chronic diseases in united arab emirates. In: Musaiger AO , ilady SS , editors . diet-related non-communicable diseases in the arab countries of the gulf. FAO; 1996. Report No.: 73-81.
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23
Asgari S, Aghaei A, Naderi Gh, Azali Sh. The inhibitory effect of fasting on lipid peroxidation;A protective role on cardiovascular system. The Journal of Qazvin Univ of Med Sci 2005;9(34):13-7.
24
Adlouni A, Ghalim N, Benslimane A, Lecert JM, Saile R. Fasting during Ramadan induces a marked increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Ann Nutr Metab 1997;41(4):242-9.
25
Hallak MH, Nomani MZ. Body weight loss and changes in blood lipid levels in normal men on hypocaloric diets during Ramadan fasting. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;48(5):1197-210.
26
Babaee A.K, Ghasemi M, Tavakili H, Yoosefi A. Study of some biochemical parameters in male university students affected by Ramadan fasting. J university Khorasan shomali medical sci 2008;1(1):21-6.
27
Azizi F, Amir Rasouli HA. Serum glocose,bilirubin,calcium,phosphorus,protein and albumin concentrations during Ramadan. Med J IRI 1987;1:38-41.
28
Owen PE. Starvation In: DeGroot LJ(ed). Endocrinology 2nd edi Philadelphia Saunders 1989;3:2282-93.
29
Scott TG. The effect of muslim fast of Ramadan on routine laboratory investigation. King Abdolaziz Med J 1981;1:23-35.
30
Soulaiman AN, Elkhatib FA. Effect of fasting during Ramadan on weight and some blood constitiuents in healthy muslims.In the first international congress on healths and Ramadan Casablanca. Morocco 1994.
31
Yarahmadi S, Larijani B, Bastanhagh MH, Pajouhi M, Baradar JR, Zahedi F, et al. Metabolic and clinical effects of Ramadan fasting in patients with type II diabetes. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak 2003 Jun;13(6):329-32.
32
Zareh M M GhR. Study of some biochemical parameters in male university students affected by Ramadan fasting. J Sabzevar university of medical sci 2002;9(3):30-5.
33
Dewanti L, Watanabe C, Sulistiawati, Ohtsuka R. Unexpected changes in blood pressure and hematological parameters among fasting and nonfasting workers during Ramadan in Indonesia. Eur J Clin Nutr 2006 Jul;60(7):877-81.
34
Sarraf-Zadegan N, Atashi M, Naderi GA, Baghai AM, Asgary S, Fatehifar MR, et al. The effect of fasting in Ramadan on the values and interrelations between biochemical, coagulation and hematological factors. Ann Saudi Med 2000;20:377-81.
35
Fakhrzadeh H, Larijani B, Sanjari M, Baradar-Jalili R, Amini MR. Effect of Ramadan fasting on clinical and biochemical parameters in healthy adults. Ann Saudi Med 2003;23:223-6.
36
Ramadan J. Does fasting during Ramadan alter body composition, blood constituents and physical performance? Med Princ Pract 2002;11(2):41-6.
37
Trepanowski JF, Bloomer RJ. The impact of religious fasting on human health. Nutr J 2010;9:57.
38
Kassab S, bdul-Ghaffar T, Nagalla DS, Sachdeva U, Nayar U. Interactions between leptin, neuropeptide-Y and insulin with chronic diurnal fasting during Ramadan. Ann Saudi Med 2004 Sep;24(5):345-9.
39
Adair LS. Dramatic rise in overweight and obesity in adult Filipino women and risk of hypertension. Obes Res 2004;12:1335-41.
40
Capuano V, Bambacaro A, D'Arminio T, Vecchio G, Cappuccio L. Correlation between body mass index and others risk factors for cardiovascular disease in women compared with men. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 2003;60(295):300.
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Reisin E, Abel R, Modan M, Silverberg DS, Eliahon HE, Modan B. Effects of weight loss without salt restriction on the reduction of blood pressure in overweight hypertensive patients. N Engl J Med 1978;298:1-6.
42
Saleh SA, El-Kemery TA, Farrag KA, Badawy MR, Sarkis NN, Soliman FS, et al. Ramadan fasting: relation to atherogenic risk among obese Muslims. J Egypt Public Health Assoc 2004;79(5-6):461-83.
43
Wissam HI, Hosam MH, Amjad HJ, Samer AAB. Effect of Ramadan fasting on markers of oxidative stress and serum biochemical markers of cellular damage in healthy subjects. Ann Nutr Metab 2008;53(175):181.
44
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation of Ocular Accommodation, Convergence and Fusional Vergence Changes during Ramadan
Introduction: There are a few researches regarding the effects of Islamic fasting on visual system. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Ramadan fasting on the amplitude of accommodation (AA), near point of convergence (NPC), positive and negative fusional vergences (PFV and NFV, respectively) in visually healthy fasters. Methods: AA, NPC, PFV and NFV at far (6m) and near (40cm) were measured in 30 male students. Nutritional habits in a week before each examination visit were assessed with the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Results: Mean age and fasting average experience were 23.9 and 10 years, respectively. AA and NPC showed significant changes (p<0.05) during Ramadan; but there was no significant difference before and after Ramadan in these parameters. NFV blur, break and recovery points at far significantly reduced in Ramadan than before (p=0.003, p=0.005, p=0.003, respectively) with insignificant compensation after Ramadan. Results showed that there was no significant correlation between changes in diet pattern and AA, NPC and distant NFV variations (p<0.05). Conclusion: Some visual problems may be reported at far and near visual tasks during Ramadan; but most of the problems may be resolved after it. Some visual preparations may be needed for more effective visual activities during Ramadan; essentially for students with intensive visual tasks. Vision therapy may be suggested along with nutrient pattern improvement during Ramadan.
https://jnfh.mums.ac.ir/article_301_30d43fdb9dc25f0e6c39d005d8b56c98.pdf
2013-07-01
13
18
10.22038/jfh.2013.301
Ocular
Accommodation
Convergence
binocular fusion
Ramadan
Seyed Hosein
Hoseini-Yazdi
1
Department of Optometry, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Ebrahim
Jafarzadehpur
ejafarzadehpur@tums.ac.ir
2
Department of Optometry, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Ali
Mirzajani
3
Department of Optometry, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohsen
Nematy
4
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
1. Ziaee V, Razaei M, Ahmadinejad Z, Shaikh H, Yousefi R, Yarmohammadi L, et al. The changes of metabolic profile and weight during Ramadan fasting. Singapore Med J 2006; 47(5):409-414.
1
2. Finch GM, Day JE, Razak, Welch DA, Rogers PJ. Appetite changes under free-living conditions during Ramadan fasting. Appetite. 1998 Oct; 31(2):159-70.
2
3. Abdalla AH, Shaheen FA, Rassoul Z, Owda AK, Popovich WF, Mousa DH, et al. Effect of Ramadan Fasting on Moslem Kidney Transplant Recipients. Am J Nephrol 1998;18:101-104
3
4. Ural E, Kozdag G, Kilic T, Ural D, Sahin T, Celebi O, et al. The effect of Ramadan fasting on ambulatory blood pressure in hypertensive patients using combination drug therapy. J Hum Hypertens. 2008 Mar; 22(3):208-10.
4
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7. Miratashi SAM, Shoja MR. [Effect of Ramadan fasting on physiologic myopia. The journal of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences & Health Services. 2000; 15: 26-33.] Persian
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9. Salehi A, Meamarzadeh SA, Akhlaghi MR, Rismanchian A, Jafari AG. Effect of Ramadan fasting on physiologic myopia. Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences 2008; 10(2):88-93.
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10. Zandi AR. [Evaluation of myopic degree mean 1 month before and after Ramadan. J Res Med Sci. 2003; 3(8): 115] Persian
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15. Rabbanikhah Z, Javadi MA, Karimian F, Rouhani MR, Zamani M, Banaee T, et al. [Effect of Religious Fasting on Basal Tear Secretion, Tear Break up Time and Intraocular Pressure. Bina J Ophthalmol 2007; 12 (4): 485-491.] persian
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16. Tutt R, Bradley A, Begley C, Thibos LN. Optical and visual impact of tear break-up in human eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000; 41(13):4117-23.
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18. Scheiman M, Wick B. Clinical management of binocular vision; heterophoric, accommodative, and eye movement disorders. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams &Wilkins, 2002.
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35. Zerguini Y, Kirkendall D, Junge A, Dvorak J. Impact of Ramadan on physical performance in professional soccer players. Br J Sports Med. 2007 Jun; 41(6):398-400.
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37
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Changes in Dietary Intake during Ramadan in North East of Iran Population
Introduction: Ramadan is the holiest month in Islamic calendar and Muslims abstain from eating, drinking, and smoking from dawn to sunset, in which there are changes in quality of food and eating patterns. The purpose of this study was to know whether these changes provide nutritional needs, and supply all of necessary macronutrients for individuals in the month. Method: A prospective observational study was performed during Ramadan of 1429A.H (September, 2008) in Mashhad, Iran. Among 335 subjects enrolled for the study, 266 subjects met inclusion criteria. We used a semi-quantitative 302-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) that was self-administered and assessed the subject’s energy, macronutrient, and fiber intake over the previous three days. Dietary intake assessment was carried out one week before or after Ramadan and during the month. Results: Data showed that the amount of energy intake and macronutrients increased significantly in women and men less than 35 years during Ramadan, and also we found a significant difference in protein intake between males and females less than 35 years old out of Ramadan time. Conclusion: This study revealed that there was a significant increase in intake of energy and macronutrients in men and women less than 35 years that was mainly due to high consumption of carbohydrate during this month. In this study there was no change in energy intake of participants over 35 years old.
https://jnfh.mums.ac.ir/article_302_128b59da0523d7fb99f37dbdae376112.pdf
2013-07-01
19
22
10.22038/jfh.2013.302
Ramadan
fasting
Iranian
FFQ
Macronutrients
energy
Neda
Shalaei
1
Mashhad Medical School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Atoosa
Motaghedi Larijani
2
Mashhad Medical School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Seyed Amir Reza
Mohajeri
Mohajeryar851@mums.ac.ir
3
Mashhad Medical School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abdolreza
Norouzy
4
Nutrition and Biochemistry Research Center and Department of Nutrition, Mashhad Medical School, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohsen
Nematy
5
Nutrition and Biochemistry Research Center and Department of Nutrition, Mashhad Medical School, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Iran
AUTHOR
Faezeh
Sheikhol Vaezin
6
Birjand Medical School, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
AUTHOR
Faeze
Jahandoost
7
Mashhad Medical School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Safarian
8
Nutrition and Biochemistry Research Center and Department of Nutrition, Mashhad Medical School, Mashhad University of Medical Science, Iran
AUTHOR
Sarraf-Zadegan N, Atashi M, Naderi GA, Baghai AM, Asgary S, Fatehifar MR, et al. The effect of fasting in Ramadan on the values and interrelations between biochemical, coagulation and hematological factors. Annals of Saudi medicine 2000;20(5/6):377-81.
1
Cohn C, Joseph D. Role of rate of ingestion of diet on regulation of intermediary metabolism" meal eating" vs." nibbling". Metabolism 1960;9:492-500.
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el Ati J, Beji C, Danguir J. Increased fat oxidation during Ramadan fasting in healthy women: an adaptative mechanism for body-weight maintenance. The American journal of clinical nutrition 1995 Aug 1;62(2):302-7.
3
Angel JF, Schwartz NE. Metabolic changes resulting from decreased meal frequency in adult male Muslims during the Ramadan fast. Nutr Rep Int 1975;11:29-38.
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Husain R, Duncan MT, Cheah SH, Ch'Ng SL. Effects of fasting in Ramadan on tropical Asiatic Moslems. British Journal of Nutrition 1987;58(01):41-8.
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Sulimani RA, Famuyiwa FO, Laajam MA. Diabetes mellitus and Ramadan fasting: the need for a critical appraisal. Diabetic medicine 2009;5(6):589-91.
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Larijani B, Zahedi F, Sanjari M, Amini MR, Jalili RB, Adibi H, et al. The effect of Ramadan fasting on fasting serum glucose in healthy adults. Medical Journal of Malaysia 2003;58(5):678-80.
7
Lamri-Senhadji MY, El Kebir B, Belleville J, Bouchenak M. Assessment of dietary consumption and time-course of changes in serum lipids and lipoproteins before, during and after Ramadan in young Algerian adults. Singapore medical journal 2009;50(3):288.
8
Adlouni A, Ghalim N, Benslimane A, Lecerf JM, Saile R. Fasting during Ramadan induces a marked increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Annals of nutrition and metabolism 1997;41(4):242-9.
9
Oliveras López MJ, Agudo Aponte E, Nieto Guindo P, Martínez Martínez F, López García de la Serrana, & López Martínez MC. Nutritional assessment in a Moroccan university population during Ramadan. Nutricion hospitalaria : organo oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Nutricion Parenteral y Enteral 2006;21(3):313-6.
10
Al-Hourani HM, Atoum MF. Body composition, nutrient intake and physical activity patterns in young women during Ramadan. Singapore medical journal 2007;48(10):906.
11
Epstein LH, Carr KA, Lin H, Fletcher KD, Roemmich JN. Usual energy intake mediates the relationship between food reinforcement and BMI. Obesity 2012;20(9):1815-9.
12
Malekshah AF, Kimiagar M, Saadatian-Elahi M, Pourshams A, Nouraie M, Goglani G, et al. Validity and reliability of a new food frequency questionnaire compared to 24 h recalls and biochemical measurements: pilot phase of Golestan cohort study of esophageal cancer. European journal of clinical nutrition 2006;60(8):971-7.
13
Mirmiran P, Hosseini Esfahani F, Mehrabi Y, Hedayati M, Azizi F. Reliability and relative validity of an FFQ for nutrients in the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Public health nutrition 2010;13(05):654-62.
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Dorosty Motlagh AR, Tabatabaei M. Food Composition Tables. 1st ed ed. Tehran, Iran: Doniaie Taghzie; 2007.
15
Frost G, Pirani S. Meal frequency and nutritional intake during Ramadan: a pilot study. Human nutrition Applied nutrition 1987;41(1):47.
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Gharbi M, Akrout M, Zouari B. Food intake during and outside Ramadan. East Mediterr Health J 2003;9(1-2):131-40.
17
Lamine F, Bouguerra R, Jabrane J, Marrakchi Z, Rayana MCB, Slama CB, et al. Food intake and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels changes during ramadan fasting in healthy young subjects. Tunisie m+dicale 2006;84(10):647.
18
Fedail SS, Murphy D, Salih SY, Bolton CH, Harvey RF. Changes in certain blood constituents during Ramadan. The American journal of clinical nutrition 1982;36(2):350-3.
19
Poh BK, Zawiah H, Ismail MN, Henry CJK. Changes in body weight, dietary intake and activity pattern of adolescents during Ramadan. Malaysian Journal of Nutrition 1996;2(1):1-10.
20
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Effects of Ramadan Fasting on Spirometric Values and Clinical Symptoms in Asthmatic Patients
Introduction: Ramadan is the 9th Islamic lunar month during which Muslims avoid eating and drinking from sunrise to sunset. The effect of Ramadan intermittent fasting on asthma control is controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Ramadan fasting on the spirometric variables and clinical symptoms on well-controlled asthmatic patients during Ramadan. Methods: a cohort study was conducted in Mashhad, Khorasan Razavi, Iran. Twenty-nine (19 females and 10 males) well-controlled asthmatic patients aged 47 (12) years completed the study. The average duration of fasting was 26.5 days. Assessment of spirometric variables (daily peak expiratory flow, peak expiratory flow variability, peak expiratory flow home monitoring ) as well as asthma clinical symptoms including dyspnea, cough, wheezing, and chest tightness were carried out. Results: No significant changes in clinical symptoms were reported in asthmatic patients at the end of Ramadan fasting. Among spirometric variables, only peak expiratory flow improved after Ramadan (p <0.05). There was a reduction in the mean peak expiratory flow variability from 13% at the first week of fasting to 10% at the fourth week (p <0.05). Conclusion: In well-controlled asthmatic patients, Ramadan fasting resulted in improvement in peak expiratory flow and peak expiratory flow variability.
https://jnfh.mums.ac.ir/article_303_2b6c03ae56918c56c1304bd80a2acd78.pdf
2013-07-01
23
27
10.22038/jfh.2013.303
Asthma
Daily peak expiratory flow (PEF)
fasting
PEF home monitoring
Spirometry
Abdolreza
Norouzy
1
Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center and Department of Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, 91779-48464
AUTHOR
Rahil
Karimirad
2
Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center and Department of Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, 91779-48464
AUTHOR
Zeynab
Sabety Baygi
3
Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center and Department of Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, 91779-48464
AUTHOR
Mahnaz
Amini
4
Lung and Tuberculosis Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, 91379-13316
AUTHOR
Davood
Attaran
5
Lung and Tuberculosis Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, 91379-13316
AUTHOR
Seyed Mohammad Reza
Mohajeri
6
Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center and Department of Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, 91779-48464
AUTHOR
Seyed Amir Reza
Mohajeri
Mohajeryar851@mums.ac.ir
7
Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center and Department of Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, 91779-48464
AUTHOR
Mohsen
Nematy
nematym@mums.ac.ir
8
Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center and Department of Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, 91779-48464
LEAD_AUTHOR
Azizi F. Islamic fasting and health. Ann Nutr Metab 2010; 56 (4): 273-82.
1
Joosoph J, Abu J, Yu SL. A survey of fasting during pregnancy. Singapore Med J. 2004;45:583-6.
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Rashed AH. The fast of Ramadan. BMJ. 1992. 29;304:521-2.
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Car J, Sheikh A. Fasting and asthma: an opportunity for building patient-doctor partnership. Prim Care Respir J. 2004;13:133-5.
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Asthma society. Prevalence of asthma in Iran. Tehran University of Medical Science [internet]. 2008 May 8 [sited 2012 August 16]. Available from: http://publicrelations.tums.ac.ir/news/detail.asp?newsID=7151.
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Boskabady MH, Kolahdoz GH. Prevalence of asthma symptoms among the adult population in the city of Mashhad (north-east of Iran). Respirology. 2002;7:267-72.
6
Golshan M, Mohammad-Zadeh Z, Khanlar-Pour A, Iran- Pour R. Prevalence of asthma and related symptoms in junior high school children in Isfahan, Iran. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis. 2002;57:19-24.
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Kjeldsen-Kragh J. Rheumatoid arthritis treated with vegetarian diets. Am J Clin Nutr. 1999;70:594S-600S.
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Muller H, de Toledo FW, Resch KL. Fasting followed by vegetarian diet in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review. Scand J Rheumatol. 2001; 30:1-10.
9
Salti I, Benard E, Detournay B, et al. A population-based study of diabetes and its characteristics during the fasting month of Ramadan in 13 countries: results of the epidemiology of diabetes and Ramadan 1422/2001 (EPIDIAR) study. Diabetes Care. 2004; 27:2306-11.
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Sheikh A, Wallia S. [Fasting during Ramadan in diabetes mellitus]. Praxis (Bern 1994) 2008. 14; 97:567-8.
11
Al SJ, Bener A, Hajar HA. Does hospitalization for congestive heart failure occur more frequently in Ramadan: a population-based study (1991-2001). Int J Cardiol. 2004;96:217-21.
12
Michalsen A, Weidenhammer W, Melchart D, et al. [Short-term therapeutic fasting in the treatment of chronic pain and fatigue syndromes-well-being and side effects with and without mineral supplements]. Forsch Komplementarmed Klass Naturheilkd. 2002;9:221-7.
13
Erkekol FO, Celik GE, Keskin O, et al. Fasting: an important issue in asthma management compliance. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2006;97:370-4.
14
Abhari A, Majd S. The Opinion of Iranian Asthmatics Regarding the Effect of Food and Diet on Asthma Activity. Chest Meeting Abstracts. 2004;126.
15
Bener A, Colakoglu B, Mobayed H, El Hakeem A, Al Mulla AA, Sabbah A. Does hospitalization for asthma and allergic diseases occur more frequently in Ramadan fasting: a population based study (2000-2004). Eur Ann Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006;38:109-12.
16
Siddiqui QA, Sabir S, Subhan MM. The effect of Ramadan fasting on spirometry in healthy subjects. Respirology ,2005;10:525-8.
17
Subhan MM, Siddiqui QA, Khan MN, Sabir S. Does Ramadan fasting affect expiratory flow rates in healthy subjects?. Saudi Med J. 2006;27:1656-60.
18
Moosavi SA, Kabir A, Moghimi A, Chehrei A, Rad MB. Evaluation of the effect of Islamic fasting on lung volumes and capacities in the healthy persons. Saudi Med J. 2007;28:1666-70.
19
Crapo RO. Pulmonary-Function Testing. N Engl J Med. 1994; 331:25-30.
20
Masoli M, Fabian D, Holt S, Beasley R. The global burden of asthma: executive summary of the GINA Dissemination Committee report. Allergy 2004 May;59(5):469-7
21
Asthma control test. [internet]. 2012 August 16. Available from: http://www.asthmacontroltest.com.
22
Jindal SK, Aggarwal AN, Gupta D. Diurnal variability of peak expiratory flow. J Asthma. 2002 Aug; 39:363-73.
23
Boulet LP. Influence of obesity on the prevalence and clinical features of asthma. Clin Invest Med. 2008 Dec 1;31(6): E386-90.
24
Hajek P, Myers K, Dhanji AR, West O, McRobbie H. Weight change during and after Ramadan fasting. J Public Health (Oxf). 2011 Nov 13. [Epub ahead of print].
25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Influence of Sahour Meal on Exercise Performance and Physiological Responses in Well-Trained Muslim Runners during Ramadan
Introduction: The objective of this study was to examine the influence of sahour meal on exercise performance, and physiological responses to a 10Km Time-Trial (10KTT) at two different times of the day during Ramadan. Method: Three well-trained Muslim runners participated (age, 25±0.8years; maximal oxygen uptake, 54.87±3.45 ml.kg-1.min-1; body weight, 52.4±1.99 kg; height, 162.7±3.55 cm). Subjects ran a 10KTT on four occasions: 8.00am (Am), and 5.00pm (Pm), separated by one day rest two weeks before Ramadan (BRam) and during the second week of Ramadan (DRam). BRam, subjects consumed their usual diet. DRam, subjects consumed a standardized sahour meal containing 15.6±0.6kcal/kgBW; 2.3±0.1gCHO/kgBW; 0.6±0.0g Protein/kgBW; 0.5±0.0gFat/kgBW. During each 10KTT, the subject ran at 85%VO2max for the first two Km, and then at a self-selected speed then onwards. Blood samples were collected before the run, and at 2, and the end of 10 Km. Time to complete 10KTT were recorded. Urine specific gravity was measured before each run. Results: There was no difference in hydration status for the Am and Pm runs BRam and DRam. Running performance DRamAM, was better compared to the DRamPm. There were also no changes in blood glucose BRam and DRam. Serum Testosterone was highest at the end of 10KTT DRamPm when compared to the DRamAm, and was generally higher than BRam. Serum Cortisol showed no differences between the trials. All runners did not experience dehydration, lack of energy nor drop in performance DRam. Conclusion: The results from this study suggest that when athletes are provided with a balanced sahour meal, during Ramadan, they can maintain their performance.
https://jnfh.mums.ac.ir/article_539_88ab2aaa68743e370e501d46e0da27e0.pdf
2013-07-01
28
37
10.22038/jfh.2013.539
Well-trained Muslim Runners
Exercise performance
Physiological responses
Sahour Meal
Ramadan
Goh
Kok Wei
1
National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Bukit Jalil 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
AUTHOR
Albert
Tan Yi Wey
2
National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Bukit Jalil 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
AUTHOR
Ang
Boon Suen
3
Department of Physiology, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Universiti Sains Malaysia
AUTHOR
Ahmad Munir
Che Muhamed
4
Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Kepala Batas, Penang, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
AUTHOR
Rabindarjeet
Singh
rabindar@amdi.usm.edu.my
5
Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Kepala Batas, Penang, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia
LEAD_AUTHOR
Chaouachi A, Leiper JB, Souissi N, Coutts AJ, Chamari K. Effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting on sports performance and training: A Review. Int J Sports Physiol. Perform 2009;4:419-34.
1
Brisswalter J, Bouhlel E, Falola J, Abbiss C, Vallier J, Hauswirth C. Effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting on middle-distance running performance in well-trained runners. Clin J Sport Med 2011;21(5):422-27.
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Trepanowski JF, Bloomer RJ. Review of The Impact of Religious Fasting on Human Health. Nutr J 2010;9:57.
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Chennaoui M, Desgorces F, Drogou C, Boudjemma B, Tomaszewski A, Drpiesse F et al. Effects of Ramadan fasting on physical performance and metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory parameters in middle-distance runner. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2009;34:587-94.
4
Trabelsi K, Abed KE, Trepanowski JF, Stannard SR, Ghlissi Z, Ghozzi H et al. Effects of Ramadan fasting on biochemical and anthropometric parameters in physically active men. Asian J Sports Med 2011;2(3):134-44.
5
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Maughan RJ, Fallah J, Coyle EF. The effect of fasting on metabolism and performance. Brit J Sports Med 2010;44: 490-94.
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David SR, Hopkins WG. Effect of High Fat, High Carbohydrate, and High Protein Meals on Metabolism and Performance During Endurance Cycling. Int J Sports Nutr Exer Metab 2002;12:318-35.
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