ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Acute Pancreatitis (AP) and Dietary Habbits
Inflammation of pancreatic parenchyma is said to be pancreatitis. It can be acute, presenting as emergency with short history or chronic as a continuation of acute with a long history. Autodigestion is responsible for pancreatitis on background of premature activation of pancreatic enzymes within the pancreas. Acute Pancreatitis is acute inflammation of the pancrease which can be mild to moderate requiring hospital admission or severe leading to distressing outcomes such as systemic inflammatory response syndrome or multi organ failure. Acute pancreatitis is a leading cause in emergency admissions to hospital with a rise in its incidence (1). It may present as pain in epigastrium, retching, nausea, shock, relieve of pain on lying forward and increase in enzymes levels. There are several factors contributing to its occurrence. There are multiple etiologies for developing AP including gallstones, hypertriglyceridemia, and certain medications such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, azathioprine, furosemide, 6-mercaptopurine, pentamidine, sulfa drugs, and valproate. The effects of two modifiable risk factors, alcohol consumption and cigarettes smoking, have been extensively evaluated as contributing to the development and progression of AP (2, 3). But of all causes, there are two most important, they are gall stones and alcohol. However, another potential important modifiable risk factor for AP that has not been studied as well is diet. Diet can affect causing pancreatitis directly and indirectly. Directly by effects produced from substances like fat and indirect by formation of gall stones which lead to pancreatitis.
https://jnfh.mums.ac.ir/article_14553_1086868e982323a53332c1e367454823.pdf
2020-06-01
73
74
10.22038/jnfh.2020.45433.1242
Acute pancreatitis
Auto-digestion
Pancreatic enzymes
Systemic inflammatory Response syndrome
Muhammad
Jamaluddin
drmjdin@hotmail.com
1
Professor, General Surgical Unit-II, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital and Karachi Medical & Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
LEAD_AUTHOR
Sobia
Majeed
dr.sobiamajeed@yahoo.com
2
Postgraduate Resident, General Surgical Unit-II, Abbasi Shaheed Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan.
AUTHOR
1. Peery AF, Crockett SD, Barritt AS, Dellon ES, Eluri S, Gangarosa LM, Jensen ET, Lund JL, Pasricha S, Runge T et al. Burden of gastrointestinal, liver, and pancreatic diseases in the United States. Gastroenterology 2015;149:1731–41.e3
1
2. Yadav D, O'Connell M, Papachristou GI. Natural history following the first attack of acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2012;107:1096–103
2
3. Bertilsson S, Swärd P, Kalaitzakis E. Factors that affect disease progression after first attack of acute pancreatitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015;13:1662–9
3
4. Compagnucci, A.B. et al. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2016; 29: 338–344
4
5. Setiawan, V.W. et al. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017; 15: 257–265
5
6. Dietary Factors Reduce Risk of Acute Pancreatitis in a Large Multiethnic Cohort. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017 Feb;15(2):257-265.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2016.08.038. Epub 2016 Sep 5.
6
7. Overall diet quality and risk of recurrence and progression of non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis: a prospective cohort study. Oskarsson,Sadr-Azodi , Discacciati, Orsini, Wolk. Eur J Nutr. 2018 Oct;57(7):2537-2545. doi: 10.1007/s00394-017-1526-8. Epub 2017 Aug 30.
7
8. Association of Dietary Habits with Severity of Acute Pancreatitis. Curr Dev Nutr. 2018 Oct 8;2(12):nzy075. doi: 10.1093/cdn/nzy075. eCollection 2018 Dec.
8
9. Vegetables, fruit and risk of non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis: a population-based prospective cohort study. Gut. 2013 Aug;62(8):1187-92. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2012-302521. Epub 2012 Jun 27.
9
10. A prospective cohort study on the association between coffee drinking and risk of non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis. Br J Nutr. 2016 May 28;115(10):1830-4. doi: 10.1017/S0007114516000866. Epub 2016 Mar 18.
10
11. Diets with high glycemic load are associated with an increased risk of non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014 Apr;12(4):676-82. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2013.09.058. Epub 2013 Oct 5.
11
12. Fish consumption and risk of non-gallstone-related acute pancreatitis: a prospective cohort study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015 Jan;101(1):72-8. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.113.076174. Epub 2014 Nov 5.
12
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Beneficial Anti-inflammatory and Anti-oxidative Effects of Selenium Supplementation in Critically Ill Post-surgical Pediatric Patients
Oxidative stress after major surgeries is associated with the development of poor clinical outcomes including delayed wound healing and increase in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) length of stay. Due to the growth and development phase in childhood, the change in the levels of oxidative stress and inflammation is of high importance in these patients. Notably, the acute metabolic stress which is in association with oxidative stress rate, is believed to increase after major surgeries in pediatric patients. It is suggested that the presence of selenium in different selenoenzymes and selenoproteins, may play a major role in anti-oxidative defense system in surgical inflammation through regulation of glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, insulin transport pathways and gene expression of inflammatory mediators and other functions of lymphocytes B and T, natural killer and lymphokine activated killer cells. Selenium requirement in acute metabolic stress following major surgeries is essential for pediatric cases, therefore selenium supplementation in such patients may be helpful and cost effective in long term. Further clinical studies are required to clarify the potential beneficial effects of selenium supplementation in addition to its dose safety and efficacy rate.
https://jnfh.mums.ac.ir/article_13897_352e1516976f78494f5c49a2f529a9a8.pdf
2020-06-01
75
79
10.22038/jnfh.2019.42549.1213
Selenium
Surgical Procedures, Operative
Inflammation
Oxidative stress
Fatemeh
Roudi
roudif951@mums.ac.ir
1
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Mohsen
Zakerian
zakerianm961@mums.ac.ir
2
Department of Persian Medicine, School of Persian and Complementary Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Golnaz
Ranjbar
ranjbarg1@mums.ac.ir
3
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Broman M, Lindfors M, Norberg A, Hebert C, Rooyackers O, Wernerman J, et al. Low serum selenium is associated with the severity of organ failure in critically ill children. Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland). 2018; 37(4): 1399-405.
1
2. Weimann A, Braga M, Carli F, Higashiguchi T, Hubner M, Klek S, et al. ESPEN guideline: Clinical nutrition in surgery. Clin Nutr. 2017; 36(3): 623-50.
2
3. Abad-Jorge A. Nutrition Management of the Critically Ill Pediatric Patient: Minimizing Barriers to Optimal Nutrition Support. Infant Child Adolesc Nutr. 2013; 5(4): 221-30.
3
4. Hardy G, Hardy I, Manzanares W. Selenium supplementation in the critically ill. Nutr Clin Pract. 2012; 27(1): 21-33.
4
5. Leite HP, Nogueira PC, Iglesias SB, de Oliveira SV, Sarni RO. Increased plasma selenium is associated with better outcomes in children with systemic inflammation. Nutrition. 2015; 31(3): 485-90.
5
6. Roman M, Jitaru P, Barbante C. Selenium biochemistry and its role for human health. Metallomics. 2014; 6(1): 25-54.
6
7. Burjonrappa SC, Miller M. Role of trace elements in parenteral nutrition support of the surgical neonate. J Pediatr Surg. 2012; 47(4): 760-71.
7
8. National Research Council (US) Subcommittee on Selenium. Selenium in Nutrition: Revised Edition. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 1983. 7, Effects of Excess Selenium. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK216723/.
8
9. Combs GF Jr. Biomarkers of selenium status. Nutrients. 2015; 7(4): 2209-36.
9
10. Papp LV, Lu J, Holmgren A, Khanna KK. From selenium to selenoproteins: synthesis, identity, and their role in human health. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2007; 9(7): 775-806.
10
11. Leite HP, Nogueira PC, Iglesias SB, de Oliveira SV, Sarni RO. Increased plasma selenium is associated with better outcomes in children with systemic inflammation. Nutrition. 2015; 31(3): 485-90.
11
12. Niskar AS, Paschal DC, Kieszak SM, Flegal KM, Bowman B, Gunter EW, et al. Serum selenium levels in the US population: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2003; 91(1): 1-10.
12
13. Safaralizadeh R, Kardar GA, Pourpak Z, Moin M, Zare A, Teimourian S. Serum concentration of selenium in healthy individuals living in Tehran. Nutr J. 2005; 4: 32.
13
14. Smajic J, Tupkovic LR, Husic S, Avdagic SS, Hodzic S, Imamovic S. Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome in Surgical Patients. Med Arch. 2018; 72(2): 116-9.
14
15. Aviello G, Knaus UG. ROS in gastrointestinal inflammation: Rescue Or Sabotage? Br J Pharmacol. 2017; 174(12): 1704-18.
15
16. Stoppe C, Schalte G, Rossaint R, Coburn M, Graf B, Spillner J, et al. The intraoperative decrease of selenium is associated with the postoperative development of multiorgan dysfunction in cardiac surgical patients. Crit Care Med. 2011; 39(8): 1879-85.
16
17. McHoney M, Eaton S, Pierro A. Metabolic Response to Surgery in Infants and Children. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2009; 19(5): 275-85.
17
18. Duntas LH. Selenium and inflammation: underlying anti-inflammatory mechanisms. Horm Metab Res. 2009; 41(6): 443-7.
18
19. Manzanares W, Lemieux M, Elke G, Langlois PL, Bloos F, Heyland DK. High-dose intravenous selenium does not improve clinical outcomes in the critically ill: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care. 2016; 20(1): 356.
19
20. de Oliveira Iglesias SB, Leite HP, Paes A, de Oliveira SV, Sarni RO. Low plasma selenium concentrations in critically ill children: the interaction effect between inflammation and selenium deficiency. Crit Care. 2014; 18(3): R101.
20
21. de Oliveira Ulbrecht MO, Goncalves DA, Zanoni LZG, do Nascimento VA. Association Between Selenium and Malondialdehyde as an Efficient Biomarker of Oxidative Stress in Infantile Cardiac Surgery. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2019; 187(1): 74-9.
21
22. Osland EJ, Ali A, Isenring E, Ball P, Davis M, Gillanders L. Australasian Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition guidelines for supplementation of trace elements during parenteral nutrition. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2014; 23(4): 545-54.
22
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Endurance Training and Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) Seed Consumption on Cytochrome- C and Malondialdehyde in the Heart Tissue of Rats Poisoned with H2O2
Introduction: Oxygenated water intake can increase cell death markers by increasing free radicals; however, sport activities and antioxidant substances can prevent some symptoms of free radical production. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of endurance training (ET) and purslane (portulaca oleracea) seed (PO) consumption on cytochrome-C and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the heart tissue of rats poisoned with H2O2. Methods: Forty five male rats were randomly divided into 9 groups of 5 rats, including: 1)control, 2)50mg/kg PO, 3)200mg/kg PO, 4)400 mg/kg PO, 5)ET, 6)ET+50mg/kg PO, 7)ET+200mg/kg PO, 8)ET+400mg/kg PO, and 9)healthy control. During 8 weeks, groups 1-8 received 1 mmol/kg H2O2 intra-periton eally, three times per week, and groups 5-8 ran on treadmill for three days per week. Results: ET and PO significantly reduced cytochrome-C and MDA (p=0.001), however the interactive effect of ET and PO on the reduction of cytochrome-C (p=0.52) and MDA (p=0.08) was not significant; 200 mg/kg (p=0.01) and 400 mg/kg (p=0.001) PO significantly reduced cytochrome-C, as well as 400 mg/kg PO had more effect on the reduction of cytochrome-C than 200 mg/kg (p=0.01). Also, 400 mg/kg PO significantly reduced MDA (p=0.001). Conclusion: It seems that ET and PO improve cytochrome-C and MDA in the heart tissue of rats poisoned with H2O2.
https://jnfh.mums.ac.ir/article_14623_026a0e3b4f0abe0f5e885df864ce250a.pdf
2020-06-01
80
86
10.22038/jnfh.2020.44729.1237
Endurance training
Purslane Seed
Cytochrome- C
Malondialdehyde
Heart
H2O2
Hamed
Ariyanfar
hamedarianfar@yahoo.com
1
Department of Sport Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Hassan
Matinhomaee
hasanmatinhomaee@gmail.com
2
Department of Sport Physiology, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Seyed Ali
Hosseini
alihoseini_57@yahoo.com
3
Department of Exercise Physiology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
AUTHOR
Farshad
Ghazalian
phdghazalian@gmail.com
4
Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
AUTHOR
Naghizadeh H, Banparvari M, Salehikia A. Effect of one course exercise with consumption vitamin E on antioxidant status and cardiovascular risk factors. Zahedan J Res Med Sci. 2010; 3: 33-39.
1
Javid Tabrizi N, Bashiri J, Narimani Rad M. Effect of 12 weeks of treadmill aerobic training on cytochrome C and caspase- 9 gene expression in cardiac muscle of male rats. J Qom Univ Med Sci. 2017; 11 (6): 9- 10.
2
Sharifi F, Dabidi Roshan V, Mazaheri Z. Effect of pretreatment of aerobic training on doxorubicininduced left ventricular apoptosis gene expression in aging rat model. Pathobiol Res. 2017; 19 (2): 29- 43.
3
Fakoory Jouybari M, Farzanegi P, Barari A. The effect of 8-week aerobic exercise with purslane supplementation consumption on peroxidant and antioxidants indicators in women with type 2 diabetes. J Shahid Sadoughi Univ Med Sci. 2014; 22(1): 928-39.
4
Park SY, Kwak YS. Impact of aerobic and anaerobic exercise training on oxidative stress and antioxidant defense in athletes. J Exer Rehab. 2016; 12 (2): 113- 118.
5
Algul S, Ugras S, Kara M. Comparative evaluation of MDA levels during aerobic exercise in young trained and sedentary male subjects. East J Med. 2018; 23 (2): 98- 101.
6
Bloomer RJ, Goldfarb AH, Wideman L, McKenzie MJ, Consitt LA. Effects of acute aerobic and anaerobic exercise on blood markers of oxidative stress. J Strength Cond Res. 2005; 19 (2): 276-85.
7
Balcı SS, Pepe H, Guney S, Ozer CG, Revan S. Effects of Gender, Endurance Training and Acute Exhaustive Exercise on Oxidative Stress in the Heart and Skeletal Muscle of the Rat. Chinese J Physiol. 2012; 55(4): 236-244.
8
Ashrafi J, Valiollah Dabidi Roshan V, Soleiman M. Cardioprotective effects of aerobic regular exercise against doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress in rat. African J Pharm Pharm. 2012; 6 (31): 2380-2388.
9
Radak Z, Zhao Z, Koltai E, Ohno H, Atalay M. Oxygen consumption and usage during physical exercise: the balance between oxidative stress and ROS-dependent adaptive signaling. Anti Red Sig. 2013; 18 (10): 1208-1245.
10
Kalpage HA, Bazylianska V, Recanati MA, Jenney Liu AF, et al. Tissue-specific regulation of cytochrome c by post-translational modifications: respiration, the mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS, and apoptosis. FASEB J. 2018; 33(18): 1-14.
11
Naghizadeh H, Banparvari M, Salehikia A. Effect of one course exercise with consumption vitamin E on antioxidant status and cardiovascular risk factors. ZJRMS. 2010; 12 (1): 33-39.
12
Fakoory Jouybari M, Farzanegi P, Barari A. The effect of 8-week aerobic exercise with purslane supplementation consumption on peroxidant and antioxidants indicators in women with type 2 diabetes. J Shahid Sadoughi Univ Med Sci. 2014; 22 (1): 928-39.
13
Farzanegi P, Mohammadi RS, Habibian M, Jafari H. Effect of some fat of fish oil on oxidative stress in professional athletes at rest and during activity. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci. 2013; 22 (91): 23-31.
14
Ahangarpour A, Lamoochi Z, Fathi Moghaddam H, Mansouri SM. Effects of Portulaca oleracea ethanolic extract on reproductive system of aging female mice. Int J Reprod Biomed. 2016; 14 (3): 205- 212.
15
Khodadadi H, Pakde lR, Khazaei M, Niazmand S, Bavarsad K, Hadjzadeh M. A comparison of the effects of Portulaca oleracea seeds hydro-alcoholic extract and Vitamin C on biochemical, hemodynamic and functional parameters in cardiac tissue of rats with subclinical hyperthyroidism. Avicenna J Phytomed. 2018; 8 (2): 161- 169.
16
Hozayen GW, Bastawy M, Elshafeey H. Effects of aqueous Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) extract and fish oil on gentamicin nephrotoxicity in albino rats. Nature Sci. 2011; 9 (2): 47- 62.
17
Radák Z, Sasvári M, Nyakas C, Pucsok J, Nakamoto H, Goto S. Exercise preconditioning against hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative damage in proteins of rat myocardium. Arch Biochem Biophys. 2000; 376:248-51.
18
Abd El-Azime A, Hussein E, Ashry O. Synergestic effect of aqueous purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) extract and fish oil on radiation-induced damage in rats. Int J Rad Biol. 2014; 90 (12): 1184-1190.
19
Husain K, Hazelrigg SR. Oxidative injury due to chronic nitric oxide synthase inhibition in rat: effect of regular exercise on the heart. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2002; 1587 (1): 75-82.
20
Seyed A, Farsi S, Hosseini SA, Kaka G. Antioxidant effects of swimming training and curcumin in withdrawal period of alcohol overdose in rats. J Fasa Univ Med Sci. 2018; 8 (3): 901- 910.
21
Wang CQ, Yang GQ. Betacyanins from portulaca oleracea L. ameliorate cognition deficits and attenuate oxidative damage induced by D-galactose in the brains of senescent mice. Phytomedicine. 2010; 17 (7): 527- 532.
22
Ebadollahi S, Babaei F, Zare S, Ebadollahi M. Evaluation of antioxidant properties of hydroalcoholic extract of purslane (Portulaca oleracea) and Its protective effect on 6-hydroxydopamine induced hepatic damage in parkinsonian male rats. Qom Univ Med Sci J. 2018; 12 (1): 15-25.
23
Baradaran Rahimi V, Ajam F, Rakhshandeh H, Askari VR. A pharmacological review on portulaca oleracea L.: focusing on anti- inflammatory, anti- oxidant, immuno- modulatory and antitumor activities. J Pharmacopuncture. 2019; 22 (1): 7- 15.
24
Zheng GY, Qu LP, Yue XQ, Gu W, Zhang H, Xin HL. Portulacerebroside A induces apoptosis via activation of the mitochondrial death pathway in human liver cancer HCCLM3 cells. Phytochem Lett. 2014; 7: 77- 84.
25
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Antioxidant Effect of Continuous Training with Crocin Consumption on Doxorubicin-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats
Introduction: It has been reported that doxorubicin can cause liver damage; however, exercise and crocin consumption can improve antioxidant defense.The aim of the present study was to investigate the antioxidant effect of continuous training with crocin consumption on the liver tissue of doxorubicin-poisoned rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 40 rats were selected and divided into five groups of eight subjects, including: 1)unhealthy control(Dox), 2) crocin consumption, 3) continuous training, and 4) continuous training with crocin consumption and 5) healthy control( salin). For eight weeks, groups 1 to 4 received 2 mg / kg of doxorubicin peritoneally seven times each Friday throughout the study period. Groups 1 and 4 received 10 mg / kg of crocin peritoneally per day, and groups 3 and 4 performed five sessions of continuous training per week and group 5 only injected by normal salin 0.9%. Results: Doxorubicin induction had a significant effect on decreasing SOD and CAT as well as increasing MDA ; continuous training and crocin consumption had a significant effect on increasing SOD and CAT in doxorubicin-poisoned rats P˂(0.05), however, continuous training along with crocin consumption had no interactive effect on increasing SOD and CAT in doxorubicin-poisoned rats P˃(0.05); continuous training and crocin consumption had a significant effect on decreasing MDA in doxorubicin-poisoned rats. Also, continuous training along with crocin consumption had interactive effect on decreasing MDA in the liver tissue of doxorubicin-poisoned rats P˂ (0.05). Conclusion: It seems that continuous training along with crocin consumption has an interactive effect on decreasing MDA in the liver tissue of doxorubicin-poisoned rats, however it has no interactive effect on increasing SOD and CAT.
https://jnfh.mums.ac.ir/article_14394_ba780d258ffa2da68346369ca7154ce7.pdf
2020-06-01
87
93
10.22038/jnfh.2019.43724.1230
Continuous Training
Doxorubicin
Crocin
Oxidative Enzymes
Babak
Hamidian
babakhamidian85@gmail.com
1
Department of Sport Physiology, Shoushtar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shoushtar, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Masoud
Nikbakht
nikbakht7@ut.ac.ir
2
Department of Sport Physiology, University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
AUTHOR
Hadi
Fathi Moghaddam
hfmoghaddam@yahoo.com
3
Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine,Ahvaz Jundishapur University, Ahvaz, Iran.
AUTHOR
Shirin
Zilaei Bouri
shirinzilaei@iaumis.ac.ir
4
Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Masjed-Soleiman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Masjed-Soleiman, Iran.
AUTHOR
1.Khodakaram Tafti A and Kiani K. Pathology of experimental acetaminophen – induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Iran J Vet Res. 1999 ; 54 (2) : 79-84. (persian)
1
2.Amad A, Pillai K, Najmi AK, Ahmad SJ, Pal S, Balani D. Evaluation of hepatoprotective potential of jigging post-treatment against thioacetamide induced hepatic damage. J Ethnopharmacol. 2002;79(1):35-41.
2
3.Ascensão A, Oliveira PJ, Magalhães J. Exercise as a beneficial adjunct therapy during Doxorubicin treatment—Role of mitochondria in cardioprotection. Int J Cardiol. 2012;156(1):4-10.
3
4.Nagai K, Fukuno S, Oda A, Konishi H. Protective effects of taurine on doxorubicin-induced acute hepatotoxicity through suppression of oxidative stress and apoptotic responses. Anti-Cancer Drugs. 2016;27(1):17-23.
4
5.Malhi H, Gores GJ, Lemasters JJ. Apoptosis and necrosis in the liver: a tale of two deaths? Hepatology. 2006;43(S1):S31-S44.
5
6.King PD, Perry MC. Hepatotoxicity of chemotherapy. The oncologist. 2001;6(2):162-76.
6
7.Margonis K, Fatouros IG, Jamurtas AZ, Nikolaidis MG, Douroudos I, Chatzinikolaou A, et al. Oxidative stress biomarkers responses to physical overtraining: implications for diagnosis. Free Radic Biol Med. 2007;43(6):901-10.
7
8. Morillas-ruiz JM, Hernandez – Sanchez P. Oxidative stress and antioxidant defenses induced by physical exercise,basic principles and clinical significance of oxidative stress, Sivakumar Joghi Thatha Gowder,Intechopen. 2015; DOI:10. 5772/61547.
8
9.Bathaie SZ, Mousavi SZ. New applications and mechanisms of action of saffron and its important ingredients. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2010;50(8):761-86. (Persian)
9
10.Alavizadeh SH, Hosseinzadeh H. Bioactivity assessment and toxicity of crocin: a comprehensive review. Food Chem Toxicol. 2014;64:65-80.
10
11.Taheri F, Bathaie SZ, Ashrafi M, Ghasemi E. Assessment of Crocin Toxicity on the Rat Liver. Modares J Med Sci Pathol. 2014;17(3). (Persian)
11
12.Marques-Aleixo I, Santos-Alves E, Mariani D, Rizo-Roca D, Padrão AI, Rocha-Rodrigues S, et al. Physical exercise prior and during treatment reduces sub-chronic doxorubicin-induced mitochondrial toxicity and oxidative stress. Mitochondrion. 2015;20:22-33.
12
13.Elsherbiny NM, Salama MF, Said E, El-Sherbiny M, Al-Gayyar MM. Crocin protects against doxorubicin-induced myocardial toxicity in rats through down-regulation of inflammatory and apoptic pathways. Chem Biol Interact. 2016;247:39-48.
13
14.Rezaei R, Nurshahi M, Bigdeli MR, Khodagoli F, Haghparast A. Effect of eight weeks of continuous and periodic aerobic training on vegf-a and vegfr-2 levels of male brian wistar rats . Journal Sport Exerc Psychol. 2015;16:1213-1221. (Persian)
14
15.Oharomari LK, Garcia NF, de Freitas EC, Júnior AAJ, Ovídio PP, Maia AR, et al. Exercise training and taurine supplementation reduce oxidative stress and prevent endothelium dysfunction in rats fed a highly palatable diet. Life Sci. 2015;139:91-6.
15
16.Santos-Alves E, Rizo-Roca D, Marques-Aleixo I, Coxito P, Martins S, Guimarães JT, et al. Physical exercise positively modulates DOX-induced hepatic oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and quality control signaling. Mitochondrion. 2019;47:103-13.
16
17.Jamali N, Dabidiroshan V, Sadathoseini SK . Hepatic Damage and Oxidatine Stress Induct by Acute Administration Various Dosages of Doxorubicin : Pretreanment Effect of Six Weeks Regular Aerobic Exercise. Urmia Med J. 2014; 27 (4): 310 - 319. (Persian)
17
18.Farney TM, Mccarthy CG, Canale RE, Schilling BK, Whitehead PN, Bloomer RJ. Absence of blood oxidative stress in trained men after strenuous exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012;44(10):1855-63.
18
19.Simioni C, Zauli G, Martelli AM, Vitale M, Sacchetti G, Gonelli A, et al. Oxidative stress: role of physical exercise and antioxidant nutraceuticals in adulthood and aging. Oncotarget. 2018;9(24):17181.
19
20.König D, Berg A. Exercise and oxidative stress: is there a need for additional antioxidants. Österreichisches J Für Sportmedizin. 2002;3:6-15.
20
21.Ahmadian M, Dabidi Roshan V, Leicht AS. Age-related effect of aerobic exercise training on antioxidant and oxidative markers in the liver challenged by doxorubicin in rats. Free Radic Res. 2018;52(7):775-82.
21
22.Jamali S, Dabidiroshan V, Afshan S. The Pretreatment Effect of Endurance Training on Doxorubicin-induced Stress in Wistar Rats. Pars J Med Sci. 2016; 14 (1): 45 – 54. (Persian)
22
23.Zolfagharzadeh F, Roshan VD. Pretreatment hepatoprotective effect of regular aerobic training against hepatic toxicity induced by doxorubicin in rats. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2013;14(5):2931-6. (Persian)
23
24.Ji LL. Antioxidant signaling in skeletal muscle: a brief review. Exp Gerontol. 2007;42(7):582-93.
24
25.Wei Y-H, Lee H-C. Oxidative stress, mitochondrial DNA mutation, and impairment of antioxidant enzymes in aging. Exp Biol Med. 2002;227(9):671-82.
25
26.Khanmohammadi R, Azarbaijani M, Piri M, Khorsandi L. The Effect of Severe Periodic Training and Crocin on Oxidative Stress in Male Rats Subjected to Doxorubicin Induction. Armaghane danesh. 2019;23(6):694-708.
26
27.Akbari G, Mard SA, Dianat M. Effect of crocin on cardiac antioxidants, and hemodynamic parameters after injuries induced by hepatic ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2019;22(3):277. (Persian)
27
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effects of Alginate Coatings Containing Zataria multiflora Boiss Essential Oil in the Forms of Coarse Emulsion and Nano-emulsion on Inoculated Escherichia coli O157: H7 in Beef Fillets
The present study aimed to compare the inhibitory effects of alginate coatings containing Zataria multiflora Boiss essential oil (ZMEO) in the forms of coarse emulsion and nano-emulsion on the growth of inoculated Escherichia coliO157: H7in beef fillet during 16 days of refrigeration at the temperature of 4 . Alginate solutions (3%) with various concentrations of ZMEO (0.25%, 0.5%, and 1%) were prepared, and the coarse emulsion and nano-emulsion forms were also prepared. The beef fillets were inoculated with E. coliO157: H7(1.5×105 log CFU/g) and immersed in various alginate treatments, and the bacterial count was performed during refrigeration on days zero, four, eight, 12, and 16.The obtained results indicated that the alginate coating containing ZMEO in both forms (coarse/nano-emulsion) was a proper candidate to control E. coliO157: H7at the temperature of 4°C. However, the antibacterial effects were more significant on the samples treated by the nano-emulsion form compared to the coarse emulsion form and controls. In addition, the lowest bacterial growth was observed in the samples coated with the alginate nano-emulsion containing 1% ZMEO (5.3±0.24 log CFU/g) at the end of storage. Therefore, it could be concluded that the use of alginate coatings containing ZMEO (particularly in the nano-emulsion form) could effectively decrease the growth of E. coliO157: H7 during storage, and this natural additive could be applied in the food industry, especially the meat industry.
https://jnfh.mums.ac.ir/article_14534_65dd86eb4f4303944343c7a1c3623799.pdf
2020-06-01
94
99
10.22038/jnfh.2020.43495.1227
Beef
Alginate
Zataria multiflora Boiss
food born Pathogen
Nano-emulsion
Seyed Hamid
Alavi
1
Department of Food Hygiene and Aquaculture, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Saeid
Khanzadi
khanzadi@um.ac.ir
2
Department of Food Hygiene and Aquaculture, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammad
Hashemi
mo_hashemi@hotmail.com
3
Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Azizzadeh
m-azizzadeh@um.ac.ir
4
Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
AUTHOR
1. Ukuku DO, Zhang H, Huang L. Growth parameters of Escherichia coli O157: H7, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and aerobic mesophilic bacteria of apple cider amended with nisin–EDTA. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2009; 6(4): 487-94.
1
2. Raeisi M, Tajik H, Aliakbarlu J, Valipour S. Effect of carboxymethyl cellulose edible coating containing Zataria multiflora essential oil and grape seed extract on chemical attributes of rainbow trout meat. Vet Res Forum. 2014; 5(2): 89-93.
2
3. Song Y, Liu L, Shen H, You J, Luo Y. Effect of sodium alginate-based edible coating containing different anti-oxidants on quality and shelf life of refrigerated bream (Megalobrama amblycephala). Food Control. 2011; 22(3-4): 608-15.
3
4. Berenji Ardest S, Azizi MH, Zohourian G, Hadian Z, Amiri Z. Evaluation of Mechanical and Physical Properties of Calcium-Alginate Edible Films. Quarterly Iranian Journal of Food Science and Technology. 2011; 7(4): 55-64. (Persian)
4
5. Palou L, Ali A, Fallik E, Romanazzi G. GRAS, plant-and animal-derived compounds as alternatives to conventional fungicides for the control of postharvest diseases of fresh horticultural produce. Postharvest Biol Technol. 2016; 122: 41-52.
5
6. Rhim JW. Physical and mechanical properties of water resistant sodium alginate films. LWT-Food science and technology. 2004; 37(3): 323-30.
6
7. Sajed H, Sahebkar A, Iranshahi M. Zataria multiflora Boiss.(Shirazi thyme)—an ancient condiment with modern pharmaceutical uses. J Ethnopharmacol. 2013; 145(3): 686-98.
7
8. Shah P, Bhalodia D, Shelat PK. Nanoemulsion: a pharmaceutical review. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy. 2010; 1(1): 24-32.
8
9. Solans C, Izquierdo PJ, Nolla J, Azemar N, Garcia-Celma MJ. Nano-emulsions. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci. 2005; 10(3-4): 102-10.
9
10. Jerobin J, Makwana P, Kumar RSS, Sundaramoorthy R, Mukherjee A, Chandrasekaran N. Antibacterial activity of neem nanoemulsion and its toxicity assessment on human lymphocytes in vitro. Int J Nanomedicine. 2015; 10(Suppl 1): 77-86.
10
11. McLay JC, Kennedy MJ, O'Rourke AL, Elliot RM, Simmonds RS. Inhibition of bacterial foodborne pathogens by the lactoperoxidase system in combination with monolaurin. I J Food Microbiol. 2002; 73(1): 1-9.
11
12. Heydari R, Bavandi S, Javadian SR. Effect of sodium alginate coating enriched with horsemint (M entha longifolia) essential oil on the quality of bighead carp fillets during storage at 4° C. Food Sci Nutr. 2015; 3(3): 188-94.
12
13. Yener FY, Korel F, Yemenicioğlu A. Antimicrobial activity of lactoperoxidase system incorporated into cross‐linked alginate films. J Food Sci. 2009; 74(2): M73-9.
13
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Short‐Term Periodic Fasting on the Acetaminophen-Induced Liver Injury in Mice
Introduction: In many cultures fasting is recommended as a way to protect and promote health. However, there are few studies on the effects of fasting on organ function and resistance to toxic agents such as drugs. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of short-term periodic fasting on the acetaminophen hepatotoxic effects in mice. Methods: In this experimental study, BALB/c female mice were used to investigate the effect of short-term periodic fasting (3 consecutive days, every 2 weeks for ten weeks) on serum aminotransferases (AST and ALT) level and hepatotoxic effects induced by acetaminophen. After ten weeks of periodic fasting, 500 mg/kg acetaminophen was injected intraperitoneally to mice. 24 hours later, AST and ALT levels were measured and then the mice were sacrificed to evaluate their liver injury severity using the pathological method as the gold standard. Results: Our results showed that AST and ALT enzymes increased in the control groupof mice (P = 0.0098 & P = 0.0004, respectively (Mann-Whitney test)) which was associated with high-grade liver injury (P = 0.001 (Fisher’s Exact test)). In contrast, the fasting group of mice showed slight changes in the amount of AST and ALT enzymes associated with low-grade liver injury. Conclusion: Acetaminophen is a common cause of drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Our findings in the current study showed that fasting can protect important organs such as the liver against the toxic effects of drugs. This study in mice could provide insight into human states.
https://jnfh.mums.ac.ir/article_14999_5c4da55da5679002222ddca738cb19cf.pdf
2020-06-01
100
104
10.22038/jnfh.2020.43673.1228
Periodic fasting
Acetaminophen
Liver injury, Autophagy
Roghayeh
Mohammadzadeh
mohamadzadehr961@mums.ac.ir
1
Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Zahra
Mishmast
va_na48@ferdowsi.um.ac.ir
2
Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Amirali
Aryan
arianaa1@mums.ac.ir
3
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Kamran
Ghafarzadegan
kghafar46@gmail.com
4
Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Sedighe
Rastaghi
sedighe_rastaghi@yahoo.com
5
Student Research Committee, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Behrooz
Daneshmand
behrad.daneshmand2017@gmail.com
6
Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Parvin
Askari
parvin.askari.90@gmail.com
7
Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
AUTHOR
Kiarash
Ghazvini
ghazvinik@mums.ac.ir
8
Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
1. Mattson MP, Longo VD, Harvie M. Impact of intermittent fasting on health and disease processes. Ageing research reviews. 2017;39:46-58.
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2. Longo VD, Mattson MP. Fasting: molecular mechanisms and clinical applications. Cell metabolism. 2014;19(2):181-92.
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3. Brandhorst S, Choi IY, Wei M, Cheng CW, Sedrakyan S, Navarrete G, et al. A periodic diet that mimics fasting promotes multi-system regeneration, enhanced cognitive performance, and healthspan. Cell metabolism. 2015;22(1):86-99.
3
4. Raffaghello L, Lee C, Safdie FM, Wei M, Madia F, Bianchi G, et al. Starvation-dependent differential stress resistance protects normal but not cancer cells against high-dose chemotherapy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2008;105(24):8215-20.
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5. Verweij M, van Ginhoven TM, Mitchell JR, Sluiter W, van den Engel S, Roest HP, et al. Preoperative fasting protects mice against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury: mechanisms and effects on liver regeneration. Liver transplantation. 2011;17(6):695-704.
5
6. Apte UM, Limaye PB, Desaiah D, Bucci TJ, Warbritton A, Mehendale HM. Mechanisms of increased liver tissue repair and survival in diet-restricted rats treated with equitoxic doses of thioacetamide. Toxicological Sciences. 2003;72(2):272-82.
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7. Aidoo A, Desai VG, Lyn-Cook LE, Chen JJ, Feuers RJ, Casciano DA. Attenuation of bleomycin-induced Hprt mutant frequency in female and male rats by calorie restriction. Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis. 1999;430(1):155-63.
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8. Bessems JG, Vermeulen NP. Paracetamol (acetaminophen)-induced toxicity: molecular and biochemical mechanisms, analogues and protective approaches. Critical reviews in toxicology. 2001;31(1):55-138.
8
9. James LP, Mayeux PR, Hinson JA. Acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Drug metabolism and disposition. 2003;31(12):1499-506.
9
10. Lee WM. Acetaminophen and the US Acute Liver Failure Study Group: lowering the risks of hepatic failure. Hepatology. 2004;40(1):6-9.
10
11. Mak A, Johnston A, Uetrecht J. Effects of immunization and checkpoint inhibition on amodiaquine-induced liver injury. Journal of immunotoxicology. 2017;14(1):89-94.
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12. Rowden AK, Norvell J, Eldridge DL, Kirk MA. Updates on acetaminophen toxicity. Medical Clinics. 2005;89(6):1145-59.
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13. Mitchell J, Jollow D, Potter W, Davis D, Gillette J, Brodie B. Acetaminophen-induced hepatic necrosis. I. Role of drug metabolism. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 1973;187(1):185-94.
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14. Heard K, Green JL, Anderson V, Bucher-Bartelson B, Dart RC. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial to determine the course of aminotransferase elevation during prolonged acetaminophen administration. BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology. 2014;15(1):39.
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15. Jaeschke H, Xie Y, McGill MR. Acetaminophen-induced liver injury: from animal models to humans. Journal of clinical and translational hepatology. 2014;2(3):153.
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16. Harper JM, Salmon AB, Chang Y, Bonkowski M, Bartke A, Miller RA. Stress resistance and aging: influence of genes and nutrition. Mechanisms of ageing and development. 2006;127(8):687-94.
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17. Laskin DL, Laskin JD. Role of macrophages and inflammatory mediators in chemically induced toxicity. Toxicology. 2001;160(1-3):111-8.
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18. Tolson JK, Dix DJ, Voellmy RW, Roberts SM. Increased hepatotoxicity of acetaminophen in Hsp70i knockout mice. Toxicology and applied pharmacology. 2006;210(1-2):157-62.
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19. Shankar K, Vaidya VS, Corton JC, Bucci TJ, Liu J, Waalkes MP, et al. Activation of PPAR-α in streptozotocin-induced diabetes is essential for resistance against acetaminophen toxicity. The FASEB Journal. 2003;17(12):1748-50.
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20. Oz HS, McClain CJ, Nagasawa HT, Ray MB, de Villiers WJ, Chen TS. Diverse antioxidants protect against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology. 2005;18(6):361-8.
20
21. Galluzzi L, Baehrecke EH, Ballabio A, Boya P, Bravo‐San Pedro JM, Cecconi F, et al. Molecular definitions of autophagy and related processes. The EMBO journal. 2017;36(13):1811-36.
21
22. Mizushima N, Komatsu M. Autophagy: renovation of cells and tissues. Cell. 2011;147(4):728-41.
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23. Kaur J, Debnath J. Autophagy at the crossroads of catabolism and anabolism. Nature reviews Molecular cell biology. 2015;16(8):461.
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24. Kroemer G, Mariño G, Levine B. Autophagy and the integrated stress response. Molecular cell. 2010;40(2):280-93.
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25. Mizushima N, Yamamoto A, Matsui M, Yoshimori T, Ohsumi Y. In vivo analysis of autophagy in response to nutrient starvation using transgenic mice expressing a fluorescent autophagosome marker. Molecular biology of the cell. 2004;15(3):1101-11.
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26. Du K, Farhood A, Jaeschke H. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant Mito-Tempo protects against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity. Archives of toxicology. 2017;91(2):761-73.
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27. Jarsiah P, Nosrati A, Alizadeh A, Hashemi-Soteh SMB. Hepatotoxicity and ALT/AST enzymes activities change in therapeutic and toxic doses consumption of acetaminophen in rats. International Biological and Biomedical Journal. 2017;3(3):119-24.
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28. Shon Y-H, Nam K-S. Protective effect of Moutan Cortex extract on acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2004;90(2-3):415-9.
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29. Jenniskens FA, Jopperi-Davis KS, Walters LC, Schorr EN, Rogers LK, Welty SE, et al. Effects of fasting on tissue contents of coenzyme A and related intermediates in rats. Pediatric research. 2002;52(3):437-42.
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30. Tsuchiya T, Higami Y, Komatsu T, Tanaka K, Honda S, Yamaza H, et al. Acute stress response in calorie-restricted rats to lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. Mechanisms of ageing and Development. 2005;126(5):568-79.
30
31. Yu BP, Chung HY. Stress resistance by caloric restriction for longevity. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2001;928(1):39-47.
31
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effects of Eight Weeks Aerobic Interval Exercise with Variable Volume on the Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Liver Enzymes of Women with Dyslipidemia
Introduction: Metabolic dyslipidemia could lead to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and its secondary consequence is the development of metabolic syndrome and diabetes. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of eight weeks of aerobic interval exercise with variable volumes on the cardiovascular risk factors and liver enzymes of the women with dyslipidemia. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 30 middle-aged women with high blood lipids. The patients were selected and divided into three groups of low-volume training (three sessions per week; n=10; LVT), high-volume training (four sessions per week; n=10; HVT), and control (n=10; C).The exercise program was implemented in eight weeks 3-4 sessions per week for 45-60 minutes with the intensity of 65-75% of the maximal heart rate. The inter-group and intra-group comparison were performed using student's t-test, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess the differences between the groups. Results: In the training groups, a significant reduction was observed in weight (LVT: 72.01 vs. 67.26, HVT: 72.80 vs. 68.06), body mass index (LVT: 28.19 vs. 26.31, HVT:27.85 vs. 26.04), body fat (LVT: 26.86 vs. 25.69, HVT:27.21 vs. 25.91), waist-to-hip ratio (LVT: 1.05 vs. 1.03, HVT:1.07 vs. 1.05), alanine transaminase(LVT: 46.60 vs. 39.60, HVT: 43.80 vs. 38.50), aspartate transaminase(LVT: 36.50 vs. 31.00, HVT: 33.50 vs. 29.40), and triglyceride (LVT: 171.80 vs. 163.60, HVT:176.90 vs. 161.40). However, the maximum oxygen uptake increased significantly after the intervention in both the training groups (LVT: 32.17 vs. 35.93, HVT:30.93 vs. 35.98). The levels of total cholesterol (211.20 vs. 204.90) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (134.13 vs. 126.68) significantly decreased only in the LVT group, while no such changes were observed in the HVT group. In addition, the systolic blood pressure (LVT: 135.40 vs. 128.60, HVT: 137.00 vs. 129.60) decreased significantly in both groups, while no significant change was observed in the diastolic blood pressure. Conclusion: According to the results, eight weeks of aerobic interval exercise could improve the cardiovascular risk factors, liver enzymes, and body composition of the women with dyslipidemia. Therefore, it is recommended that some cardiovascular risk factors and liver enzymes of women with dyslipidemia be used for the improvement of these patients.
https://jnfh.mums.ac.ir/article_15403_c6a88680b5e444828c9edbe95c70061d.pdf
2020-06-01
105
113
10.22038/jnfh.2020.46400.1249
Dyslipidemia
Liver enzymes
lipid profile
Reyhaneh
Zolfaghari
keyvanhejazi1364@yahoo.com
1
Student of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran.
AUTHOR
Amirhossein
Haghighi
ah.haghighi@hsu.ac.ir
2
Associate Professor of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Roya
Askari
alidelpasand31@gmail.com
3
Assistant Professor of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran.
AUTHOR
Keyvan
Hejazi
keyvanhejazi@gmail.com
4
Assistant Professor of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran.
AUTHOR
1. Srikanth S, Deedwania P. Management of dyslipidemia in patients with hypertension, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2016; 18(10): 76.
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2. Georgiadis AN,Papavasiliou EC, Lourida ES, Alamanos Y, Kostara C, Tselepis AD, et al. Atherogenic lipid profile is a feature characteristic of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis: effect of early treatment–a prospective, controlled study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2006; 8(3): R82.
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44. Despres JP,Moorjani S, Tremblay A, Poehlman ET, Lupien PJ, Nadeau A, et al. Heredity and changes in plasma lipids and lipoproteins after short-term exercise training in men. Arteriosclerosis. 1988; 8(4): 402-9.
44
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effect of Aerobic Training and Caffeine Consumption on Quality of life and Life Expectancy in Overweight Men
Introduction: Inappropriate diet and inactivity are the most important causes of overweight and obesity which have negative effect on individuals’ physical and mental health. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of caffeine supplementation with aerobic training on quality of life and life expectancy in overweight men. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 60 overweight men (at age range 40-60 years with BMI ≥ 30) were randomly divided into four groups: (1) Control (C), (2) Caffeine supplement (Ca), (3) Aerobic training (AT), and (4) Ca+AT. Aerobic training was performed three times a week for eight weeks, each session for 25 to 40 minutes at 60-80% of maximum heart rate, and the caffeine supplementation groups consumed 5 mg/kg of caffeine daily in two servings. The research variables were evaluated by the Quality of Life Questionnaire and the Life Expectancy Questionnaire. The data of the present study were also analyzed using univariate analysis of covariance in SPSS software (p≤0.05). Results: Aerobic training increased total score of quality of life (p≤0.05), mental health (p ≤0.05) and life expectancy (p≤0.05) in overweight men. Caffeine supplementation increased total score of quality of life (p≤0.05). Also, the quality of life score with its subscales and life expectancy score in the aerobic + caffeine group were significantly higher than the control (p≤0.05), training (p≤0.05) and caffeine supplement (p≤0.05) groups. Conclusion: Aerobic training seems to be more desirable than caffeine consumption in improving quality of life and life expectancy; however, the interaction between aerobic training and caffeine consumption is more desirable than aerobic training and caffeine consumption alone in improving quality of life and life expectancy.
https://jnfh.mums.ac.ir/article_15619_5f0dc7b3bc4be3fb8f6ef1b190d80ae6.pdf
2020-06-01
114
122
10.22038/jnfh.2020.47208.1252
Aerobic training
Caffeine
Quality of life
Life expectancy
Overweight
Sona
Bidad Abdehgah
s.bidad8140@gmail.com
1
Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Gachsaran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Ali
Khajehlandi
a.khajehlandi@yahoo.com
2
Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Gachsaran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Amin
Mohammadi
amin.mohammadi8@gmail.com
3
Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Gachsaran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Gachsaran, Iran.
AUTHOR
Speed MS, Jefsen OH, Børglum AD, Speed D, Østergaard SD. Investigating the association between body fat and depression via Mendelian randomization. Translational psychiatry. 2019; 9(1):1-9.
1
Salehzadeh K, Leopangi F. The effect of suboptimal aerobic exercise on improving urinary control, balance and aerobic capacity of older women. Armaghane danesh. 2019; 23 (6) :747-764. (Persian)
2
Tabatabaei Molassi O, Larijani B. Overview of the Prevalence of Obesity and its Management in Iran. Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Metabolism. 2013;5(12): 357-374.( Persian)
3
Luppino F S, de Wit L M, Bouvy P F, Stijnen T, Cuijpers P, Penninx B W, et al, Overweight, obesity, and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 2010;67(3): 220-229.
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Zhang J, Xu L, Li J, Sun L, Qin W, Ding G, Zhou C. Gender differences in the association between body mass index and health-related quality of life among adults: a cross-sectional study in Shandong, China.BMC public health, 2019;19(1): 1021.
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Rasouli Lemraski S S, Nasrabadi T, Naeini S M K. The effect of progressive muscle relaxation on the quality of life among patients with heart failure. Islamic Azad Uni Med J, 2018; 28(4): 297-306. (Persian)
8
Osali A, Mostafavi H, Moaseri F. The Effect of Twelve-Week Aerobic Exercise on IL-6 level and depression in 50-65 Years Old Women with Syndrome Metabolic. Med J Tabriz Uni Med Sciences Health Services. 2018; 40(3):26-33.(Persian)
9
Shoup J A, Gattshall M, Dandamudi P, Estabrooks P. Physical activity, quality of life, and weight status in overweight children. Quality of Life Research, 2008; 17(3): 407-412.
10
Eckert K. Impact of physical activity and bodyweight on health-related quality of life in people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2012; 5: 301-303.
11
Mahmoudzadeh Z F, Raiesifar A, Ebadi A. The effect of orem’s self-care model on quality of life in patients with migraine: A randomized clinical trial. Journal of Exercise Physiology, 2016;33, 115-119. (Persian)
12
Nusselder W J. Looman C W. Mackenbach J P. et al. the contribution of specific diseases to educational disparities in disability free life expectancy. American Journal of Public Health, 2005;95: 2035-2041
13
Damirchi A, Rahmani-nia F, Mirzaei B, Hasan-Nia S, Ebrahimi M. Effect of Caffeine on Blood Pressure During Exercise and At Rest in Overweight Men. Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2009; 10(6):623-628. (Persian)
14
Venables MC, Hulston CJ, Cox HR, jeukendrup AE. Green tea extract ingestion, fat oxidation and glucose tolerance in healthy humans. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2008;87(3):778-84.
15
De Carvalho T S, Cardoso P B, Santos-Silva M, Lima-Bastos S, Luz W L, Assad N, Moraes S. Oxidative Stress Mediates Anxiety-Like Behavior Induced by High Caffeine Intake in Zebrafish: Protective Effect of Alpha-Tocopherol. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2019; 1-9.
16
Richards G, Smith A. Caffeine consumption and self-assessed stress, anxiety, and depression in secondary school children. Journal of psychopharmacology. 2015;29(12):1236-47.
17
Miller C T, Fraser S F, Selig S E, Rice T, Grima M, Straznicky N E, Dixon J B. The functional and clinical outcomes of exercise training following a very low energy diet for severely obese women: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials, 2016;17(1): 125.
18
Rashidlamir A, Saadatnia A. The effects of an eight-week aerobic training program on plasma adipokine concentrations in middle-aged men. Tehran University Medical Journal. 2011;69(2): 118-124. (Persian)
19
Brand R, Koch H. Using caffeine pills for performance enhancement. An experimental study on university students’ willingness and their intention to try neuroenhancements. Frontiers in psychology. 2016;7:101.
20
Hassanzadeh R, Miriyan SA. Lezgi F. Studying the relationship between the trust in God and the quality of life and life expectancy Of Teachers of high schools in Teaching and Education center, first area of Sari City. Islam and Health Journal, 2014;1(2):15-21
21
Hashemi S, Yahya A. The Effect of Immunization on Stress on Quality of Life and Life Expectancy in Men with Skin Cancer. Journal Cosmet Dermatol.2018; 3: 208-216. (Persian)
22
Amiri H, Borjali A, Sohrabi F, Pazouki A. The comparison of depression and quality of life in the obese women with different body mass indices (BMI) with the normal women residing in Tehran. Razi Journal of Medical Sciences. 2015; 21(127):102-112. (Persian)
23
Heidari M, Vadeghani Zadeh J. The Effect of a Selected Aerobic Training Course on Self-efficacy, Happiness and Mindfulness in Addicts. Journal Addiction Medicine, 2017;44: 23-30.
24
Soleimani T, Nourbakhsh M, Alijani E. The Effect of 12 Weeks Aerobic Exercises and Water Exercise on Quality of Life and Happiness in Middle-aged Non-Athletic Women. Journal of Motor Behavior, 2012;10: 105-116. (Persian)
25
Turner N H. Change of quality of life due to exercise training in knee osteoarthritis: SF-36 and WOMAC. JournalBack Musculoskelet Rehabil, 2017; 22(1): 43-48..
26
Walters G J, Wittchen W. Healthy steps: The effect of a primary care physical activity program on quality of life in low-active older adults. J Sci Med Sport. 2017; 12:227-236.
27
McAuley E, Konopack JF, Motl RW, Morris KS, Doerksen SE, Rosengren KR. Physical activity and quality of life in older adults: influence of health status and self-efficacy. Annals of behavioral Medicine. 2006;31(1):99.
28
Ross K, Milsom V, Rickel K. et al. The contributions of weight loss and increased physical fitness to improvements in health-related quality of life. Eat Behav, 2010;10: 84–88.
29
Alavai S, Zar A, Salimi Avansar M, Ahmadi F. Evaluate the Effectiveness of Physical Activity on General Health, Happiness and Life Expectancy in Postmenopausal and Elder Women. Journal of Gerontology. 2017;2(1):11-9. (Persian)
30
Hassani Z, Izaddost F, Shabani R. The effect of a six-week combined aerobic-resistance training program along with green coffee consumption on anxiety and depression in overweight and obese women. KAUMS Journal . 2017; 15;21(5):450-9. (Persian)
31
Farajzadeh M, Ghanei Gheshlagh R, Rashadmanesh N, Zarei M, Amini H. Does tea consumption reduce the chances of depression in the elderly? Case-control study. Journal of Gerontology. 2017;1(4):29-37. (Persian)
32
Park H, Suh B S, Lee K. Relationship between daily coffee intake and suicidal ideation. J Affect Disord, 2019;256: 468-472.
33
Lucas M, Mirzaei F, Pan A, Okereke O I, Willett W C, O’Reilly É J, Ascherio A. Coffee, caffeine, and risk of depression among women. Arch. Intern. Med, 2011;171(17): 1571-1578.
34
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Prevalence of Underweight, Overweight and Its Associated Factors among Adolescent Students in Finote Selam Town, Amhara Region, Ethiopia
Introduction: Adolescence is the transition between life as a child and life as an adult covering the ages between 10-19 years. This study aimed to assess adolescent nutritional status and associated factors among school-going adolescents in Finote Selam town, Ethiopia, 2018. Methods: A school-based cross-sectional study was used. A total of 437 adolescent students were included in the study. Stratified and simple random sampling techniques were employed to select study subjects. The data were entered using Epi info version 7 and analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. A binary logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors associated with underweight. Crude and adjusted odds ratios with 95% level significance were used to measure the strength of association and statistical significance was declared at p-value less than 0.05. Results: The overall prevalence of underweight, normal, and overweight among adolescent students at Finote Selam town were 46.2%, 51.0%, and 2.7%, respectively. Being male adolescent students, adolescent students who came from a rural area, Adolescent students who were born from an illiterate father, Adolescents from uneducated mothers, adolescent students who were from family size of greater than or equal to five were significantly associated with underweight at a P-value Conclusion: Underweight was the major prevalent problem in the study area. Sex, place of residence, father`s education level, mother’s education level, family size and father`s occupation were important factors associated with underweight among the respondents. Therefore, the influence of these factors should be considered to develop strategies for reducing malnutrition in the town.
https://jnfh.mums.ac.ir/article_15664_3b06f87e835d4c90063faaea07818958.pdf
2020-06-01
123
134
10.22038/jnfh.2020.45896.1248
Adolescent students
BMI
Ethiopia
Overweight
Underweight
Damitie
Mengesha
dakebede10@gmail.com
1
Department of Applied Human Nutrition, Faculty of Chemical and Food Engineering, Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Degnet
Asres
degnet2005@gmail.com
2
Department of Applied Human Nutrition, Faculty of Chemical and Food Engineering, Bahir Dar Institute of Technology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
AUTHOR
1. Ahmad H, Liaqat P, Paracha P, Qayyum A, Uppal MA. Assessment of nutritional status of adolescents versus eating practices in Islamabad city. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 2009;8(8):1304-8.
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2. Meseret Y. Anthropometric assessment of adolescent malnutrition in elementary and secondary schools of Ambo town, West Shewa Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. MPH thesis, Addis Ababa University. 2008:1-66.
2
3. Mulugeta A, Hagos F, Stoecker B, Kruseman G, Linderhof V, Abraha Z, et al. Nutritional status of adolescent girls from rural communities of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of Health Development. 2009;23(1).
3
4. Das S, Bose K. Prevalence of thinness using new international cut-off points among Santal tribal children and adolescents of Purulia District, West Bengal, India. Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health. 2011;40(3).
4
5. Shivaramakrishna H, Deepa A, Sarithareddy M. Nutritional status of adolescent girls in rural area of kolar district-a cross-sectional study. Al Ameen J Med Sci. 2011;4(3):243-6.
5
6. White JM, Bégin F, Kumapley R, Murray C, Krasevec J. Complementary feeding practices: Current global and regional estimates. Maternal & child nutrition. 2017;13:e12505.
6
7. Staff U. The state of the world's children 2011-executive summary: Adolescence an age of opportunity: Unicef; 2011.
7
8. De Henauw S, Gottrand F, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Gonzalez-Gross M, Leclercq C, Kafatos A, et al. Nutritional status and lifestyles of adolescents from a public health perspective. The HELENA Project—Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence. Journal of Public Health. 2007;15(3):187-97.
8
9. Alebachew Z. Prevalence of childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity among elementary school students. Addis Ababa University. 2010.
9
10. Gebremariam H, Seid O, Assefa H. Assessment of nutritional status and associated factors among school going adolescents of Mekelle City, Northern Ethiopia. Int J Nutr Food Sci. 2015;4(1):118-24.
10
11. Doustmohammadian A, Dorostymotlagh A, Keshavarz A, Sadrzadehyeganeh H, Mohammadpour-Ahrangani B. Socio-demographic Factors Associated with Body Mass Index of Female Adolescent Students in Semnan City, Iran. Malaysian journal of nutrition. 2009;15(1).
11
12. Deshmukh P, Gupta S, Bharambe M, Dongre A, Maliye C, Kaur S, et al. Nutritional status of adolescents in rural Wardha. The Indian Journal of Pediatrics. 2006;73(2):139-41.
12
13. Bovet P, Kizirian N, Madeleine G, Blössner M, Chiolero A. Prevalence of thinness in children and adolescents in the Seychelles: comparison of two international growth references. Nutrition journal. 2011;10(1):65.
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14. Baya Botti AM, Perez Cueto Eulert A, Monllor V, Kolsteren P. International BMI-for-age references underestimate thinness and overestimate overweigth and obesity in Bolivian adolescents. Nutricion hospitalaria. 2010;25(3):428-36.
14
15. Rao KM, Balakrishna N, Laxmaiah A, Venkaiah K, Brahmam G. Diet and nutritional status of adolescent tribal population in nine states of India. Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition. 2006;15(1):64.
15
16. LeonGuerrero RT, Workman RL. Physical activity and nutritional status of adolescents on Guam. Pacific health dialog. 2002;9(2):177-85.
16
17. .
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18. Roba K, Abdo M, Wakayo T. Nutritional status and its associated factors among school adolescent girls in Adama City, Central Ethiopia. J Nutr Food Sci. 2016;6(3):2.
18
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19
20. Mengesha DK, Prasad RP, Asres DT. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Thinness among Adolescent Students in Finoteselam Town, Amhara Region, Ethiopia.
20
21. Melaku YA, Zello GA, Gill TK, Adams RJ, Shi Z. Prevalence and factors associated with stunting and thinness among adolescent students in Northern Ethiopia: a comparison to World Health Organization standards. Archives of Public Health. 2015;73(1):44.
21
22. Mohammed AY, Tefera TB. Nutritional status and associated risk factors among adolescent girls in Agarfa high school, Bale Zone, Oromia Region, South East Ethiopia. Int J Nutr Food Sci. 2015;4(4):445-52.
22
23. Bahwere P, Piwoz E, Joshua MC, Sadler K, Grobler-Tanner CH, Guerrero S, et al. Uptake of HIV testing and outcomes within a Community-based Therapeutic Care (CTC) programme to treat severe acute malnutrition in Malawi: a descriptive study. BMC Infectious Diseases. 2008;8(1):106.
23
24. Hosmer DW, Hosmer T, Le Cessie S, Lemeshow S. A comparison of goodness‐of‐fit tests for the logistic regression model. Statistics in medicine. 1997;16(9):965-80.
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25. Damie TD, Wondafrash M, Teklehaymanot A. Nutritional status and associated factors among school adolescent in Chiro Town, West Hararge, Ethiopia. Gaziantep Medical Journal. 2015;21(1):32-42.
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26. Levy TS, Ruán CM, Castellanos CA, Coronel AS, Aguilar AJ, Humarán IMG. Effectiveness of a diet and physical activity promotion strategy on the prevention of obesity in Mexican school children. BMC public health. 2012;12(1):152.
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27. Berbada DA, Haidar J, Gebremichael G, Haftu D. Magnitude of double burden of malnutrition and its associated factors among selected in-school adolescents: Evidence from South Ethiopia. 2017.
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28. Mijinyawa MS, Yusuf SM, Gezawa ID, Musa BM, Uloko AE. Prevalence of thinness among adolescents in Kano, Northwestern Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Basic and Clinical Sciences. 2014;11(1):24.
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29. Manyanga T, El-Sayed H, Doku DT, Randall JR. The prevalence of underweight, overweight, obesity and associated risk factors among school-going adolescents in seven African countries. BMC public health. 2014;14(1):887.
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30. Gebreyohannes Y, Shiferaw S, Demtsu B, Bugssa G. Nutritional status of adolescents in selected government and private secondary schools of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Adolescence. 2014;10(11).
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31. Bidu KT, Hailemariam T, Negeri EL, Babure ZK. Prevalence and associated factors of undernutrition among school adolescents in Gobu Seyo District, East Wollega Zone, Oromia regional state of West Ethiopia. 2018.
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32. Alemu E, Atnafu A, Yitayal M, Yimam K. Prevalence of overweight and/or obesity and associated factors among high school adolescents in Arada sub city, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. J Nutr Food Sci. 2014;4(2):1.
32
33. Funke OM. Prevalence of underweight: A matter of concern among adolescents in Osun State, Nigeria. Pakistan journal of Nutrition. 2008;7(3):503-8.
33
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Determination of pH, Salt, Sodium and Potassium Content in the Traditional Bread in western Iran
Introduction: Bread is widely used worldwide and provides a significant share of the energy, protein, minerals and vitamins needed by the body. The aim of this study was to determine the pH, salt, sodium and potassium content of traditional breads in Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari province.Methods: In this study, 451 traditional bread samples of different types randomly collected by baker’s health inspectors across Chaharmahal V Bakhtiari Province in 2016. The pH, salt, sodium and potassium content of the bread samples were measured by pH metric, potentiometric and flame photometric methods at the Food Control Laboratory of Shahrekourd University of Medical Sciences.Results: In this study, the average pH, salt, sodium and potassium content of bread samples were 5.85, 1.95%, 765 and 108 mg /100g, respectively. At least 7.7% of the bread samples were positive for sodium bicarbonate use and 54% were more than the maximum allowed for salt content. In this study, the ratio of sodium to potassium was 12.07.Conclusion: This study showed that salt use was high in bread production and a significant portion of the bread samples were positive for sodium bicarbonate use. Continuing this situation is a major threat to the health of the community. Therefore, strong control and supervision over the bread production units are essential.
https://jnfh.mums.ac.ir/article_15674_7817fc4e9773de4faf9094c66603955e.pdf
2020-06-01
135
140
10.22038/jnfh.2020.43911.1229
Bread
Salt
pH
sodium
Potassium
Fathollah
Aalipour Hafshejani
aalipourf@gmail.com
1
Food and Drug Department, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Farangis
Mahdavi Hafshejani
2
Hajar Hospital, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
AUTHOR
Mohammad
Aalipour Hafshejani
3
Medical School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
AUTHOR
Reza
Mohammadi
4
Food and Drug Department, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
AUTHOR
Abdollahi M, Doust-Mohammadian A, Abtahi M, Esmaeili M, HoushiarradA.Validity of Telephone versus Face-to-Face Interviews in the Assessment of Bread Consumption Pattern. J Community Health 2014;1(1):45- 53.
1
DiMuzio DT. Bread Baking: An Artisan's Perspective. John Wiley & Sons; 2009 Feb 24.
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Iranian National Standardization Organization(INSO). Traditional breads Specifications and test methods. (3rd.Revisio). Theran: Iranian National Standardization Organization;2014.
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Khmyrchy R, . Tavana, Esmaili,. Akbari, Arash. Baking soda and salt content of bread in a bakeryin Sabzevar. J Sabzevar Univ Med Sci. 2010;17(2):135-42.
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Kathleen M, . Escott-Stump, Sylvia. Krause's Food & Nutrition Therapy . Mandy L. Corrigan. WaterE, lectrolyteas, and Acid-Basde balance.Elsevier Inc.2017;85-96.
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World Health Organization (WHO). Guideline: Potassium intake for adults and children. Geneva, World Health Organization (WHO), 2012.
6
Aalipour F. Determine the prevalence contamination foods to synthetic colors with thin layer chromatography in Shahrekourd. J Shahrekord Univ Med Sci. 2016 Feb 15;17(6):103-12.
7
Aalipour HF, Mahdavi HF, Aalipour HE. Determination of Peroxide Number of Oils Extracted from Zolbia and Okra in the holy month of RamadanJSKUMS. 2015;17(5):74-82.
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Fulgoni VL, Agarwal S, Spence L, Samuel P. Sodium intake in US ethnic subgroups and potential impact of a new sodium reduction technology: NHANES Dietary Modeling. Nutr J. 2014 Dec 1;13(1):120.
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Castanheira I, Figueiredo C, André C, Coelho I, Silva AT, Santiago S, et al. Sampling of bread for added sodium as determined by flame photometry. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009; 621-28.
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Moshtagi Mogadam M, Amini F, Mardani J. Research of the quality of bread and removing of bicarbonate of soda and reduction of wastage of bread in Charmahal & BaKhtiari 2003-2004. In7th national congress of environmental health 2004.
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Rezaei-Mofrad MR, Rangraz-Jeddi F, Moosavi GA. Amount of baking soda and salt in bakeries of Mehrdasht city (Najafabad) during 2009-10. Feyz Journal of Kashan University of Medical Sciences. 2011;15(3):267-73.
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Rezaiimofrad M. R, Jeddi F.R, Kashani H, Azarbad Z, Assarian A. Study of Sodium bicarbonate and Sodium chloride in Bakeries of Isfahan-Iran. RepOpinion 2016;8(9):1-6.
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Maghroun M, Sajjadi F, Sarhanghpour MR, Nouri F, Shriatifar M, Mohammadifard N, et al. Salt and Sodium Content in Iranian Breads. Hakim. 2015;18(3):209-16.
17
Zabihollahi T, Goftari S, Garibi F, Naderi K, Korani A, Danesh O, et al. Investigation of the amount of sodium bicarbonate and salt in different types of bread in the bakeries of Kurdistan Province from 2008 to 2010. Sci J Kurdistan Univ Med Sci. 2013;18(3):39-46.
18
Zibaeenezhad M, Hooshangi M, Abtahi A, Heydari S.A Study of Salt Content in Different Bread Consumed in Shiraz City in Spring/Summer 2009. Iran Cardiovasc Res J. 2010;4(1):17-21.
19
Maalouf J, Cogswell ME, Yuan K, Martin C, Gillespie C, Ahuja JK, Pehrsson P, Merritt R. Sodium content of foods contributing to sodium intake: comparison between selected foods from the CDC Packaged Food Database and the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference. Procedia food science. 2015;4:114.
20
Brinsden HC, He FJ, Jenner KH, MacGregor GA. Surveys of the salt content in UK bread: progress made and further reductions possible. BMJ open. 2013 Jun 1;3(6).
21
Pastell1 H, Jõeleht A, Kielland E, Reykdal O, Ohrvik V, sterholtDalaneJ. Levels of iodine, sodium and dietary fibre in selected Nordic and Estonian foods.Food & Nutrition Research 2016, 60:30961, P 422.
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Mirzaei M SM, Namayandeh M, GharahiGhehi N. Sodium and Potassium Intake of Urban Dwellers: Nothing Changed in Yazd, Iran. J Health Popul Nutr. 2014;32(1):111-7.
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Hoppu U, Hopia A, Pohjanheimo T, Rotola-Pukkila M, Mäkinen S, Pihlanto A, Sandell M. Effect of salt reduction on consumer acceptance and sensory quality of food. Foods. 2017 Dec;6(12):103.
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