Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS)Journal of Nutrition,Fasting and Health2821-27466420181201Food Waste in Iran; Time to Return to Islamic Perspective of Frugality2202211229910.22038/jnfh.2019.38397.1175ENAhmad Sadati1 department of sociology, Yazd university, yazd, Iran
2 Research center of Quran, Hadith and medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran0000-0001-5708-775Journal Article20190212UN Food and Agricultural Organisation believes that there is no balance between hunger and producing food and the world is producing more than enough food (1). It estimated that one third of the food produced in the world for human consumption every year — approximately 1.3 billion tones gets lost or wasted (2). Inefficiencies and losses in agricultural production and consumers' behavior all play a role (4). About consumer behavior Aktas et al. showed that Food choice motives, financial attitudes, planning routines, social relationships, food surplus and Ramadan effect on Consumers’ food waste (5). Farr-Wharton et al. emphasized on food shopping as the main cause of food waste (6). Schanes et al. showed that food waste is complex and multi-faceted issue that cannot be attributed to single variables (7). Sociologically there hugely under-researched area of interest for social scientists about food waste (8). This is a qualitative study which was conducted in Yazd University between September 2018 to January 2019. Data were selected by 70 one open ended questionnaire 'Why Iranian people have food waste behavior?" In addition 2 focus group discussions were conducted among the students considering ethical consideration. Data were analyzed by conventional content analysis method.Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS)Journal of Nutrition,Fasting and Health2821-27466420181201Advancement in Electrochemical DNA-biosensors for GMOs Detection: A review1681731210610.22038/jnfh.2018.34319.1138ENMajid RezayiDepartment of Modern Sciences and Technologies, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0003-2516-1655Seyedeh Zeynab MousavianNutritional Sciences Department, School of Nutritional Sciences and Food Technology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.Mohammad SafarianDepartment of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Paradise Daneshgah, Azadi Square, Mashad, Iran0000-0003-2761-2747Seyedeh Belin Tavakoly SanyDepartment of Health Education and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.0000-0002-7891-4449Zahra PasdarMedical School, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK.Journal Article20180820Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are plants or animals whose genetic make-up has been transformed by recombinant DNA technology, which has new features such as resistance to herbicides, virus and insect. Recently, genetic modification of food products has increased in order to reduce world poverty and hunger and increase food production However, the impact of GMOs on the human health is a growing concern worldwide. Due to increased global production of GMOs, the presence of these in food products need to be monitored and has been attended by many researchers recently. The quick, simple, accurate and sensitive detection methods for these products have attracted the attention. Electrochemical DNA biosensors as one of these fast methods are highly studied by many researchers due to their high sensitivity, low cost, rapid reaction and the possibility of working in aqueous solutions. The present review will focus on several studies on the detection of GMO based on electrochemical biosensors.Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS)Journal of Nutrition,Fasting and Health2821-27466420181201Comparison of The Effect of Ketogenic Diet and Low Caloric Diet On Weight Loss in Iranian Obese and Overweight Children1741811210810.22038/jnfh.2018.33630.1126ENMajid Ghayour-MobarhanMetabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0002-1081-6754Rahim VakiliProfessor of pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mashhad University of medical Sciences, Mashhad Iran.Mohammad SafarianMetabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0003-2761-2747Monireh DahriMetabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences &
Department of Nutrition, Varastegan Institute for Medical Science, Mashhad, IranMaral AminiCardiovascular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.Mostafa AbrishamiMetabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranGordon FernsBrighton &amp; Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK0000-0000-0000-0000Mohsen NematyMetabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0003-3202-2709Journal Article20180725<strong>Abstract</strong><br /> Overweight and obesity has increased in prevalence over the last two decades in many developed and developing countries including Iran. The aim of this present study was to compare the weight reduction effects of ketogenic and low calorie diets on overweight and obese Iranian children. Seventy-six overweight or obese children aged 9-16 years recruited from outpatient Ghaem Hospital, Nutritional Clinic, were randomized into two groups: a low calorie diet (n=38), a ketogenic diet (n=38). Both groups were treated for three months and followed up weekly. Fasting lipid profiles, blood sugar, uric acid, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, , and weight were measured. Body fat percentages were measured using Bioimpedance Analysis (Tanita body composition analyzer, BC-418, Japan) for all subjects’ in each visit. Both ketogenic and low caloric diets reduced obesity indices including body fat percentage and improved lipid profiles (P<0.05). Changes in body weight and BMI did not differ significantly between two groups (P>0.05). However, low caloric diet had more potential beneficial effect on body fat percentage and lipid profile than ketogenic diet (P<0.05).Results showed ketogenic diet did not have any remarkable effect on weight loss versus low caloric diet and it seems that both diets had similar effect on weight loss in overweight and obese children. This study revealed the low caloric diet had more potential beneficial effect on body fat percentage and lipid profile than ketogenic diet.Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS)Journal of Nutrition,Fasting and Health2821-27466420181201Associations of Environmental Factors and Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Iran1821901216310.22038/jnfh.2019.34216.1135ENMeisam BaratiStudent Research Committee, Cellular and Molecular Nutrition Department, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0003-2427-4615Mahmood Alizadeh-saniDepartment of Food Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, IranHossein SafariAssistant professor, Health promotion research center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Samira Taghizadeh JazdaniDepartment of Biochemistry, Hyperlipidemia Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Science, Medical School, Ahvaz, IranReza Taghizadeh JazdaniStudent Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran0000-0002-2768-6861Journal Article20180815<strong>Introduction:</strong> Vitamin D deficiency is a major health problem, which is unexpectedly prevalent in Iran. The ultraviolet (UV) rays of the sun are considered to be the foremost source of vitamin D in humans. In contrast, several environmental factors could decrease UV transmission to the earth, thereby reducing vitamin D absorption. Considering that the key role of environmental factors in vitamin deficiency has been neglected, the present study aimed to investigate the associations between environmental factors (e.g., geographical and air pollution parameters) with the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Iran. <strong>Methods:</strong> The duration of the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency were extracted from the previous studies conducted in different cities in Iran, where vitamin D deficiency was reported. Afterwards, the environmental factors that were reported to affect sunlight transmission through the atmosphere were collected based on the place and time of vitamin D deficiency as mentioned in the reviewed studies via different geographic databases. The associations between the environmental factors and prevalence of vitamin D deficiency were determined. In total, 35 studies were reviewed completely. <strong>Results:</strong> The results indicated significant correlations between the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and some environmental factors (e.g., cloudy and clear days). However, no significant association was observed between vitamin D deficiency and other environmental factors, such as geographical parameters (e.g., sunshine, longitude, latitude, elevation, humidity, and temperature) and air pollution (e.g., number of days with dust and visibility of ≤2 km). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> According to the results, there were significant associations between the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency andenvironmental factors, such as cloudy and clear days. Therefore, adequate exposure to sunlight for the absorption of vitamin D is strongly recommended.Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS)Journal of Nutrition,Fasting and Health2821-27466420181201Patient Satisfaction with Hospital Food in the Hospitals Affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran1911971217710.22038/jnfh.2019.32579.1141ENMohammad SafarianDepartment of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0003-2761-2747Fahime VafisaniDepartment of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0002-2093-6127Maryam Alinezhad-NamaghiDepartment of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0001-9425-7496Zahra AsadiDepartment of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0002-7191-3486Shirin Seyyed HamzehDepartment of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.0000-0001-8629-0157Journal Article20180825<strong>Introduction:</strong> Food quality in hospitals plays a key role in the integrated program for the improvement of nutritional care in hospitals. Providing appropriate nutrition programs in the hospital setting is particularly challenging due to the diverse dietary needs of patients. The present study aimed to determine the influential factors in the satisfaction of patients with the food service in the hospitals in Mashhad, Iran. <strong>Methods:</strong> This cross-sectional study was conducted on 265 patients in five wards of two major teaching hospitals affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences in Mashhad, Iran. Data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire about hospital meals upon the discharge of the patients. The first assessment was conducted in Ghaem Hospital in 2010, and the next evaluation was performed in Ghaem Hospital and Imam Reza Hospital in 2016. The median length of hospital stay in the patients admitted in Ghaem Hospital and Imam Reza Hospital was 3.4 days. The questionnaire was completed by dieticians upon the discharge of the patients, and the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was estimated at 0.78. <strong>Results:</strong> Overall patient satisfaction with hospital food services was significantly correlated with food temperature, quantity, taste, appearance, replacement meal, and diet compatibility. The rate of patient satisfaction was 60.8%, and the quality of food services in the selected hospitals was good or excellent. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Patient satisfaction with hospital food services plays a key role in evaluating the efficacy of the applied strategies. The results of this study could help dieticians focus on specific indicators in order to improve the food catering services and maximize patient satisfaction with hospital foods.Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS)Journal of Nutrition,Fasting and Health2821-27466420181201Overall and Abdominal Obesity Are Inversely Associated With Plasma n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Iranian Adults1982041218410.22038/jnfh.2019.34931.1148ENFatemeh Ahmadi1) Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-0001-5261-1709Mohsen NematyDepartment of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Biochemistry and Nutrition, Endoscopic & Minimally Invasive Surgery, and Cancer Research Centers, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Paradise Daneshgah, Azadi Square, Mashad, Iran0000-0003-3202-2709Mojtaba ShafieeDepartment of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranSeyed Mostafa ArabiDepartment of Nutrition, School of MedicineAbdolreza NorouzyDepartment of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS), Paradise Daneshgah, Azadi Square, Mashad, Iran0000-0001-6740-5502Maryam TayefiClinical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.Habibollah EsmaeiliDepartment of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranMohammad HashemiDepartment of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran0000-04525-A125-9874Journal Article20180917<strong>Background: </strong>Obesity is a common health problem associated with a number of diseases, such as hypertension, cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, gout, gall bladder and liver disease, cancer, and depression. The prevalence of obesity is dramatically increasing around the world, especially in the Asia Pacific region. omega-3 is a type of polyunsaturated fatty acids that have several beneficial effects on some diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, bipolar disorder and asthma. Therefore, the main objective of the present study was to determine the levels of omega-3 fatty acids in subjects with different categories of BMI (healthy- weight, overweight, and obese) and WC (not at risk, increased risk, and substantially increased risk). <strong>Method: </strong>In the current study, a total of 151 individuals consist of 58 men and 93 women (aged 18-65 year) were randomly recruited from patients attending the nutrition clinics of Mashhad, Iran. Participants were divided into three groups according to body mass index (BMI) (healthy-weight, overweight, and obese) and WC categories (not at risk, increased risk, and substantially increased risk). Plasma levels of omega-3 fatty acids were analyzed in blood sample of all participants by gas chromatography apparatus equipped with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID). The protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Mashhad University of Medical Science (MUMS) and written informed consent was obtained from all individuals. <strong>Results: </strong>Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were inverse association with increasing both overall (p<0.001, pConclusion: Plasma omega-3 polyunsaturated free fatty acids were inversely in relation with anthropometric measures of obesity including BMI and WC. Further studies are needed to identify the possible mechanism(s) that links plasma omega-3 fatty acids with overall and abdominal obesity.Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS)Journal of Nutrition,Fasting and Health2821-27466420181201Effect of Ramadan fasting on Macronutrients & Micronutrients intake: an essential lesson for healthcare professionals2052121227510.22038/jnfh.2019.36737.1160ENSeyedeh Forogh SajjadiDepartment of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran0000-0001-8534-9970Kosar Hassanpour1Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, IranMajid AssadiThe Persian Gulf Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, IranFarzaneh YousefiThe Persian Gulf Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, IranAfshin OstovarThe Persian Gulf Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, IranIraj NabipourThe Persian Gulf Tropical and Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, IranAlireza RahbarDepartment of Nutrition, Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, I.R. Iran0000-0002-2928-9165Journal Article20181208<strong>Introduction:</strong> The study was aimed to assess the intakes of nutrients of individuals in month of Ramadan. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> In total, 119 participants visited twice: once before Ramadan and then the 3<sup>rd</sup> week of Ramadan. A food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and 3-day food intake recall used to determine the nutrient intake during Ramadan and other months. Weight, height and other demographic parameters were also gathered. <strong>Results:</strong> One sample T-test showed a significantly higher intake of Calorie, total fat, saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, vitamin A carotene, vitamin A total, vitamin B2, B12, C, niacin and phosphorous were significantly higher than RDA before Ramadan (P<0.05). However, Carbohydrate, fiber, polyunsaturated fat, folate, cooper, magnesium, potassium, selenium and sodium of subjects’ diets were significantly lower than RDA before Ramdan. paired sample T-test illustrated that Calories, carbohydrate, fiber, total fat, monounsaturated fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, cholesterol, vitamin A carotene, total vitamin A, vitamin B1, C, E, folate, calcium, iron, magnesium, phosphorous, potassium, selenium and sodium intake all significantly decreased after 3 weeks of fasting. However, only Calories, protein, carbohydrate, fiber, total fat, saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, cholesterol, vitamin A carotene, vitamin B2, B6, C, E, folacin, calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, phosphorous, potassium, selenium and sodium intake in 3<sup>rd</sup> week of Ramadan were significantly lower than RDA and vitamin A and niacin were significantly higher than RDA during Ramadan. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The present study demonstrates a significant decrease in some micronutrients during the month of Ramadan and indicates to imply nutritional recommendation in selecting foods.Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS)Journal of Nutrition,Fasting and Health2821-27466420181201Effects of Ramadan Fasting on the Symptoms of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease2132191230410.22038/jnfh.2019.36885.1161ENHojjatolah RahimiPoursina Hakim Digestive Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.0000-0002-4171-6086Najmeh TavakolPoursina Hakim Digestive Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.Journal Article20181214<strong>Introduction:</strong> The effects of Ramadan fasting on gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) remains unknown, and few studies have been conducted in this regard. The nutritional, physiological, psychological, and behavioral changes in fasting individuals during Ramadan may affect the status of GERD. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of these changes on the symptoms of GERD using a meticulous method. <strong>Methods:</strong> This study was conducted on patients with clinically diagnosed GERD by a gastroenterologist, who was followed-up for three consecutive months (from one month before to after Ramadan). Data were collected using GERD health-related quality of life (GERD-HRQL).For ethical considerations; antisecretory drugs were prescribed for all the patients. After data collection, the subjects were divided into two groups of fasting and non-fasting. Data analysis and comparison were performed in SPSS. <strong>Results:</strong> total, 69 patients with GERD completed the follow-up, including 33 fasting and 36 non-fasting subjects. No significant differences were observed in the changes of the Total, Heartburn and Regurgitation scores between the Fasting and Non-fasting groups from before Ramadan to Ramadan, Ramasdan to after Ramadan and also before to after Ramadan (P>0.05). <strong>Conclusion:</strong> According to the results, Ramadan fasting has no effects on the symptoms of GERD in the patients using antisecretory drugs during this month.