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Ismail, S., Mohd Zulkefli, N., Chung, C., Zainal, M. (2015). Factors influencing smoking behaviour changes during Ramadan among Malay male students. Journal of Nutrition,Fasting and Health, 3(3), 97-102. doi: 10.22038/jfh.2015.4738
Suriani Ismail; Nor Afiah Mohd Zulkefli; Cheong Sau Chung; Mohamad Sulaiman Zainal. "Factors influencing smoking behaviour changes during Ramadan among Malay male students". Journal of Nutrition,Fasting and Health, 3, 3, 2015, 97-102. doi: 10.22038/jfh.2015.4738
Ismail, S., Mohd Zulkefli, N., Chung, C., Zainal, M. (2015). 'Factors influencing smoking behaviour changes during Ramadan among Malay male students', Journal of Nutrition,Fasting and Health, 3(3), pp. 97-102. doi: 10.22038/jfh.2015.4738
Ismail, S., Mohd Zulkefli, N., Chung, C., Zainal, M. Factors influencing smoking behaviour changes during Ramadan among Malay male students. Journal of Nutrition,Fasting and Health, 2015; 3(3): 97-102. doi: 10.22038/jfh.2015.4738

Factors influencing smoking behaviour changes during Ramadan among Malay male students

Article 2, Volume 3, Issue 3, Summer 2015, Page 97-102  XML PDF (284 K)
Document Type: Research Paper
DOI: 10.22038/jfh.2015.4738
Authors
Suriani Ismail 1; Nor Afiah Mohd Zulkefli2; Cheong Sau Chung3; Mohamad Sulaiman Zainal3
1Community Health Department Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences Universiti Putra Malaysia
2Department of Community Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia
3Medical Student, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia
Receive Date: 11 August 2015,  Revise Date: 14 October 2015,  Accept Date: 15 October 2015 
Abstract
Introduction: Fasting during Ramadan provides an opportunistic setting for smoking cessation intervention. Smokers find it easy to cease smoking during Ramadan due to the religion, cultural and environmental influences. This study aims to determine the changes in smoking behaviour during Ramadan among Malay Muslim male students who were current smokers.
Methods: This is cross sectional study using self-administered questionnaire to evaluate the socio demographic characteristics and two main relevant religious perceptions on smoking (i.e. ‘Is smoking ‘haram’ and ‘Does smoking invalidate your fasting’). Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) questionnaire was used to evaluate smoking behaviour before and during Ramadan. The total FTND scores and the percentages according to FTDN items, before Ramadan and during Ramadan were compared to determine good or poor smoking behaviour changes.
Results: The overall FTND scores and the percentage according to its items were significantly reduced. There were significant association between smoking behaviour changes during Ramadan and household income, nicotine dependence and perception that smoking is ‘haram’. The percentage of good smoking behaviour changes was higher among those with higher income, high nicotine dependence and those who are not aware that smoking is ‘haram’.
Conclusion: There is a great potential in taking advantage of the Ramadan environment to encourage smoking cessation among Muslim smokers.
Keywords
Ramadan; Smoking behaviour changes; Malay male Muslim smokers
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