Effect of 12 Weeks of Regular Exercise with Vitamin C Supplementation on the Salivary IgA of Male High School Students

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Department of Physical education and sport science, Islamshahr branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Introduction: Immunoglobulins are humoral elements, which indicate the function of the immune system. Studies have shown that exercise and vitamin C supplementation could increase immunoglobulin levels. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of 12 weeks of regular exercise with vitamin C supplementation on the salivary IgA of male high school students. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 40 male high school students who were randomly assigned to four groups of 10, including exercise with vitamin C supplementation, exercise, vitamin C supplementation, and control group. Groups one and two performed the selected exercises for three sessions, and groups one and three consumed three vitamin C tablets (250 mg) per week. Saliva samples were collected 24 hours before the first training session (pretest) and 48 hours after the last training session (posttest). Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 22 using t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Tukey’s post-hoc test at the significance level of P≤0.05. Results: Salivary IgA was significantly affected by 12 weeks of regular exercise and vitamin C supplementation. The differences between the groups indicated that the IgA levels in the exercise with vitamin C group (P=0.001) and exercise group (P=0.001) were significantly higher compared to the control group. However, no significant difference was observed between the control and vitamin C groups in this regard (P=0.49). Conclusion: According to the results, regular exercise and vitamin C supplementation could increase the salivary IgA levels of the male high school students.

Keywords

References

1- Abul Abas, Andrew H, Shiva P. Cellular and Molecular Immunology. 2015.
2- Rahmani Nia F, Ranjbar k. Pysical Activity and Immunology. University of Gilan. 2017.
3- Hasanloei F, Asadpour H, Karvani V. Effect of vitamin c intake following exhaustive aerobic exercise on serum immunoglobulins A and G in wushu athletes. Medbiotech J. 2017; 1(04):149-54.
4-Gunzer W, Konrad M, Pail E. Exercises-induced immune depression endurance Athletes nutritional intervention with carbohydrate, protein and fat – what is possible, what is not?. Nutrition. 2012;4(9):1187-212.
5-Roth D E, Caulfield LE, Ezzati M, Black RE. Acute lower respiratory infections in childhood: opportunities for reducing the global burden through nutritional interventions. Bull World Health Organ. 2008; 86, 356 -364.
6- Samavati Sharif MA, Heidarianpour A. The effects of endurance swimming plus vitamin c supplement on the indices of oxidative stress among male rats. J Ilam Uni Med Sci. 2017; 10;24(6):1-10.
7-Boretti A, Banik BK. Intravenous vitamin C for reduction of cytokines storm in acute respiratory distress syndrome. PharmaNutrition. 2020;12: 100190. 
8- Krueger RF, Derringer J, Markon KE, Watson D, Skodol AE. Initial construction of a maladaptive personality trait model and inventory for DSM-5. Psychol Med. 2012;42(9):1879-90.
9- Akbarpour-beni M, Kh A. Impact of aerobic training on CD25, Interleukin-2 and salivary IgA in elderly men. Feyz, J Kashan Univ Med Sci. 2012;16(1):24-30.
10-Gleeson M. Immune function in sport and exercise. J Appl Physiol. 2007;103(2):693-9.
11-Zarneshan A. The Efficacy of Aerobic and Breathing Exercise Training on Asthma Control and Physical - Psychological Health Promotion in Women with Asthma. Iran J Health Educ Health Promot. 2018; 6 (2):179-188.
12-Ghasemi G, Barati Rokati P, Salehi O. Effect of Eight Weeks of Modified Pilates Training on Pulmonary Function and Quality of Life of Veterans Exposed to Chemical Warfare. Iran J War Public Health. 2019; 11 (4):183-188.
13-Bashirian M, Zarehbinan F, Shahsavari S, Sabooni F. Comparative efficacy of two breath training methods and lower extremity aerobic exercise on amount of respiratory ventilation and quality of life of patients with chronic bronchitis. Sci J Kurd Univ Med Sci. 2009; 14 (1):23-32.
14-Farzanegi P,   Azarbayjani MA,  Farahmand M. The effects of single and repeated bouts of gymnastic training on salivary IgA and cortisol.  J Maz Univ Med Sci. 2008; 18(67).
15- Asadbakhti A, Choobineh S,  Kordi M. The effect of a soccer-specific exercise protocol on salivary IgA, IgG, IgM and cortisol in male athletes. Sport Physiology.  2012; 4(15): 83-96.
16-Martin SA, Pence BD, Woods J A. Exercise and respiratory tract viral infections. Exercise & Sport Sciences Reviews. 2009; 37(4), 157.
17-Zarghamizadeh D, Ghasemian SM. The effect of continuous aerobic training with low carbohydrate diet on the serum immunoglobulins A, G, and M in overweight adult men. Rep Health Care. 2018; 4(3):61-6.
18-German NSD. New reference values for vitamin C intake. Ann Nutr Metab. 2015; 67(1), 13.
19- Rakati B. The effect of eight weeks of modified pilates training on pulmonary function and quality of life of chemical veterans. Iran J War Public Heal. 2019;11(4):183-188.
20- Akbari fard L, Zehsaz F, Farzangi N. Concurrent exercise training effect on salivary immunoglobulin A and alpha-amylase in children with cerebral palsy. Ger J Exerc Sport Res. 2021; 51(1):79–85.
21-Yu Z-h, Ya P, Yue G, Bei YB, Heng F. Effect of physical activity on depression symptoms in patients with IgA nephropathy. J Int Med Res. 2020: 48(1) 1–9.
22-Nemati S, Shabani R. The Effect of aerobic exercise training on salivary IgA and cortisol levels response, body composition and physical fitness in children with allergic. IslamicAzad University, RashtBranch, Guilan, Iran. 2016.
23-Grande AJ, Keogh J, Silva V, Scott AM. Exercise versus no exercise for the occurrence, severity, and duration of acute respiratory infections. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;(4).CD010596.
24-Talebzadeghan M, Hashemi F, Dehghan E. Effect of a 5-day vitamin c supplements on immunological stress caused by an aerobic exercise session in young women. Jundishapur J Health Sci. 2017;16(5):535-45.
25-Fathi M, Asadi Farsani M, Adeli O. Salivary Immune Factors, vitamin C and physical activity. Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences. 2018; 25(2):2017-27.
26-Yavari M, Moosavai A, Janani L, Feyzi Z, Vafa M. Effect of supplementation of vitamin D, C and E on the lung spirometry and plethysmography in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis patients. RJMS. 2018; 25(170): 65-72.
27-Hemilä H, Louhiala P. Vitamin C may affect lung infections. J R Soc Med.2007:100 (11):495-498.  
28- Gombart AF, Pierre A, Maggini S. A  review of micronutrients and the immune System– Working in harmony to reduce the risk of infection. Nutrients. 2020;12(1): 236-46. 
Journal of Nutrition,Fasting and Health
Volume 9, Issue 3
September 2021
Pages 235-240

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 18 January 2021
  • Revise Date: 07 March 2021
  • Accept Date: 17 March 2021

Share

How to cite

Statistics