Evaluating the Dietary Factors Most Closely Associated with Diabetes Mellitus Using a Decision-Making Tree Algorithm

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Applied Mathematics, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.

2 International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

3 Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Science, Gonabad, Iran.

4 Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran.

5 Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

6 Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology California, Loma Linda University, USA.

7 Cardiovascular Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

8 Department of Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.

9 Division of Medical Education, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, UK.

10 Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.

Abstract

Introduction: The development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with lifestyle factors, including dietary patterns. A diet rich in macro- and micronutrients has been reported to reduce the risk of T2DM. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the dietary factors most closely associated with T2DM in subjects within the MASHAD cohort using a decision tree algorithm. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 9704 individuals from the Mashhad Stroke and Heart Atherosclerotic Disorders (MASHAD), of whom 5936 participants completed a 24h dietary recall questionnaire. Macronutrients and micronutrients were estimated using Diet Plan 6 software. A decision tree algorithm was utilized to evaluate the most crucial dietary nutrient intakes concerning T2DM. Results: The algorithm showed a high specificity (81.34%) but low sensitivity (34.21%), which could predict T2DM with a low-to-moderate diagnostic ability (AUC=0.58). Based on the decision tree, eight features, including dietary potassium, total sugar, sucrose, riboflavin, thiamin, sodium, total nitrogen, and magnesium, were T2DM’s most critical dietary components. Conclusion: Based on the results, consuming sugar, salt, and vitamin B was the most critical related dietary intake to T2DM. Dietary interventions may be a cost-effective strategy for preventing T2DM.

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Journal of Nutrition,Fasting and Health
Volume 11, Issue 3
September 2023
Pages 193-199

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History

  • Receive Date: 27 May 2023
  • Revise Date: 15 August 2023
  • Accept Date: 20 August 2023

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