Journal of Nutrition,Fasting and Health

Journal of Nutrition,Fasting and Health

Simultaneous Effect of Atorvastatin and Combined Training on lipid and hepatic enzymes in Rats induced Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
Seyed Ali Mirghani 1
Mania Roozbayani 2
Saleh Rahmati 3
Lida Moradi 4
1 Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University Tehran, Iran.
2 Department of Exercise Physiology, CT.C., Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Department of Physical Education, Pardis Branch, Islamic Azad University, Pardis, Iran.
4 Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
10.22038/jnfh.2023.75312.1466
Abstract
Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common liver diseases, the prevalence of which is increasing. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of atorvastatin and combined training in NAFLD-induced rats. Methods: This study was conducted on 21 male Wistar rats, divided into two groups: 1) HFFD + combined training + atorvastatin and 2) HFFD + atorvastatin. The groups received HFFD for 15 weeks to induce NAFLD. Atorvastatin was administrated at the dose of 2mg/kg/day. The interventions (atorvastatin and combined training) were performed for eight weeks. Results: Alanine transaminase (ALT) was significantly reduced, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was increased in the HFFD + atorvastatin group. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) decreased significantly in the HFFD + combined training + atorvastatin. There was no significant difference in the aspartate transaminase (AST), triglyceride (TG), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and weight between the groups. Conclusion: Based on the findings, Atorvastatin, along with combined training, improved NAFLD. Therefore, they can be used to reduce the complications of NAFLD. However, more studies are needed to confirm the results.
Keywords
Atorvastatin
High-fat-fructose diet
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Combined training
Subjects
  1. Maurice J, Manousou P. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Clin Med (Lond). 2018;18(3):245-50.
  2. Khoonsari M, Mohammad Hosseini Azar M, Ghavam R, Hatami K, Asobar M, Gholami A, et al. Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Iranian Journal of Pathology. 2017;12(2):99-105.
  3. Hassen G, Singh A, Belete G, Jain N, De la Hoz I, Camacho-Leon GP, et al. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: An Emerging Modern-Day Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease. Cureus. 2022;14(5):e25495.
  4. LaBrecque DR, Abbas Z, Anania F, Ferenci P, Khan AG, Goh K-L, et al. World Gastroenterology Organisation global guidelines: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Journal of clinical gastroenterology. 2014;48(6):467-73.
  5. Anderson EL, Howe LD, Jones HE, Higgins JP, Lawlor DA, Fraser A. The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS one. 2015;10(10):e0140908.
  6. Chen JYS, Chua D, Lim CO, Ho WX, Tan NS. Lessons on Drug Development: A Literature Review of Challenges Faced in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Clinical Trials. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023;24(1):158.
  7. Tsamos G, Vasdeki D, Koufakis T, Michou V, Makedou K, Tzimagiorgis G. Therapeutic Potentials of Reducing Liver Fat in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Close Association with Type 2 Diabetes. Metabolites. 2023;13(4).
  8. Callegari IOM, Rocha GZ, Oliveira AG. Physical exercise, health, and disease treatment: The role of macrophages. Front Physiol. 2023;14:1061353.
  9. Ambroży T, Rydzik Ł, Obmiński Z, Spieszny M, Szczepanik A, Ambroży D, et al. Effect of High-Intensity Strength and Endurance Training in the Form of Small Circuits on Changes in Lipid Levels in Men Aged 35–40 Years. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022;11(17):5146.
  10. Hallsworth K, Fattakhova G, Hollingsworth KG, Thoma C, Moore S, Taylor R, et al. Resistance exercise reduces liver fat and its mediators in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease independent of weight loss. Gut. 2011;60(9):1278-83.
  11. Guo Z, Li M, Cai J, Gong W, Liu Y, Liu Z. Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training vs. Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Fat Loss and Cardiorespiratory Fitness in the Young and Middle-Aged a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(6).
  12. Atakan MM, Li Y, Koşar Ş N, Turnagöl HH, Yan X. Evidence-Based Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training on Exercise Capacity and Health: A Review with Historical Perspective. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(13).
  13. Savikj M, Stocks B, Sato S, Caidahl K, Krook A, Deshmukh AS, et al. Exercise timing influences multi-tissue metabolome and skeletal muscle proteome profiles in type 2 diabetic patients – A randomized crossover trial. Metabolism. 2022;135:155268.
  14. Banitalebi E, Mardanpour Shahrekordi Z, Kazemi AR, Bagheri L, Amani Shalamzari S, Faramarzi M. Comparing the Effects of Eight Weeks of Combined Training (Endurance and Resistance) in Different Orders on Inflammatory Factors and Adipokines Among Elderly Females. Women’s Health Bulletin. 2016;3(2):1-10.
  15. Schonewille M, de Boer JF, Mele L, Wolters H, Bloks VW, Wolters JC, et al. Statins increase hepatic cholesterol synthesis and stimulate fecal cholesterol elimination in mice. J Lipid Res. 2016;57(8):1455-64.
  16. Zhou Q, Liao JK. Pleiotropic effects of statins. - Basic research and clinical perspectives. Circ J. 2010;74(5):818-26.
  17. J D. Beneficial cardiovascular pleiotropic effects of statins. Circulation. 2004;109(23):39-43.
  18. Parlakgumus HA, Aka Bolat F, Bulgan Kilicdag E, Simsek E, Parlakgumus A. Atorvastatin for ovarian torsion: effects on follicle counts, AMH, and VEGF expression. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology. 2014;175:186-90.
  19. Gottmann U, Brinkkoetter PT, Hoeger S, Gutermann K, Coutinho ZM, Tobias Ruf SH, et al. Atorvastatin donor pretreatment prevents ischemia/reperfusion injury in renal transplantation in rats: possible role for aldose-reductase inhibition. Transplantation. 2007;84(6):755-62.
  20. Eslami Z, Mirghani SJ, Eghbal Moghanlou A, Norouzi A, Naseh H, Joshaghani H, et al. An Efficient Model of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) Versus Current Experimental Models: Effects of Fructose, Fat, and Carbon Tetrachloride on NAFLD. Hepat Mon. 2021;21(8):e117696.
  21. Eslami Z, Rezaei Ghomi M, Saidi A, Mousavi SV, Farhadi M, Sheikh Robati N, et al. Endurance Training and Exogenous Adenosine Infusion Mitigate Hippocampal Inflammation and Cell Death in a Rat Model of Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Arch Neurosci. 2022;9(1):e119236.
  22. Eslami Z, Mohammadnajad Panah kandi Y, Norouzi A, Eghbal Moghanlou A, Sheikh arabi M, Kazeminejad V, et al. Changes in Blood Lipids and Enzymatic Reactions in Response to Atorvastatin Administration Following a High-Fat Diet in a NAFLD Rat Model. Medical Laboratory Journal. 2022;16(3):7-13.
  23. Leandro CG, Levada AC, Hirabara SM, Manhães-de-Castro R, De-Castro CB, Curi R, et al. A program of moderate physical training for Wistar rats based on maximal oxygen consumption. J Strength Cond Res. 2007;21(3):751-6.
  24. Hallsworth K, Thoma C, Hollingsworth KG, Cassidy S, Anstee QM, Day CP, et al. Modified high-intensity interval training reduces liver fat and improves cardiac function in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Sci (Lond). 2015;129(12):1097-105.
  25. Galedari M, Kaki A. The Effect of 12 Weeks High Intensity Interval Training and Resistance Training on Liver Fat, Liver Enzymes and Insulin Resistance in Men with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver. Jundishapur Scientific Medical Journal. 2017;16(5):493-503.
  26. Houghton D, Thoma C, Hallsworth K, Cassidy S, Hardy T, Burt AD, et al. Exercise Reduces Liver Lipids and Visceral Adiposity in Patients With Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis in a Randomized Controlled Trial. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;15(1):96-102.e3.
  27. Mirghani SJ, Azarbayjani MA, Peeri M. Effects of Endurance Training and Isocaloric High Intensity Interval Training on Anthropometric Indices and Insulin Resistance in High Fat Diet-Fed Wistar Rats. Medical Laboratory Journal. 2018;12(6):12-8.
  28. Pekkala S, Rafiei M, Eslami Z, Ghaderi M, Moghanlou A, Sharifian S, et al. High-intensity interval training and moderate intensity training with exogenous adenosine counteract development of obesity in rats. Science & Sports. 2022;37(5-6):477-85.
  29. Mirghani SJ, Alinejad HA, Azarbayjan MA, Mazidi A, Mirghani SA. Influence of strength, endurance and concurrent training on the lipid profile and blood testosterone and cortisol response in young male wrestlers. Baltic Journal Of Health And Physical Activity. 2014;6(1).
  30. Eslami Z, Moghanlou AE, Kandi Y, Arabi MS, Norouzi A, Joshaghani H. Atorvastatin and Flaxseed Effects on Biochemical Indices and Hepatic Fat of NAFLD Model in Rats. Adv Biomed Res. 2023;12:98.
  31. Mirghani SJ, Agha-Alinejad H, Azarbayjani MA, Arshadi S, Mazidi A, Mirghani SA. Effect of 8 Weeks Concurrent Training on Blood Lipid Profile and Body Mass Index in Young Men. International Medical Journal. 2012;19:260-3.
  32. Zahra Eslami YMP, Shohreh Sharifian , Abdorreza Eghbal Moghanlou , Seyed Reza Sheikh , Seyed Javad Mirghani. Evaluation of the effect of aerobic exercise on UCP1 and MAPK p38 heat factor gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue in male Wistar rats fed a high-fat diet. Feyz. 2021;25(4):1020-30.
  33. Mirghani SJ, Azarbayjani MA, Peeri M, keshtkar A. Investigating Effects of Vitamin D Injection during a Course of Endurance Training On Anthropometrical Parameters of Wistar Rats with High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity. Medical Laboratory Journal. 2019;13(6):36-43.
Journal of Nutrition,Fasting and Health
Volume 11, Issue 3
Summer 2023
Pages 246-252

  • Receive Date 02 October 2023
  • Revise Date 04 November 2023
  • Accept Date 05 November 2023