The Effect of Interval Training on PPARy-GLUT4 Expression in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Male Wistar Obese Rats

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Assistant Professor of Exercise Physiology, Department of Exercise physiology, Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran.

2 Assistant professor of Exercise Physiology, Department of Exercise Physiology, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran.

Abstract

Introduction: Genetic and metabolic dysfunctions are primary contributors to the onset and intensity of type 2 diabetes (T2D) through the promotion of insulin resistance. The objective of this research was to examine the impact of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the expression levels of PPARγ and GLUT4 in the subcutaneous adipose tissue, as well as its influence on insulin sensitivity among obese rats. Methods: Obesity induced by high fat diet (HDF) in 14 male wistar rats and then were divided accidentally into exercise (HIIT, n = 7) or control (n = 7) groups. The rats or exercise group were completed an 8 weeks HIIT (5 days / weekly) and control rats remained no-training. Fasting blood glucose, insulin sensitivity and PPARγ and GLUT4 gene expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue measured at 48 hours after lasting exercise session. Independent T test used to compare each variables between 2 groups. Results: HIIT resulted in significant decrease in fasting blood glucose (P = 0.001) and increase in insulin sensitivity (P = 0.001), PPARγ expression (P = 0.038) and GLUT4 expression (P = 0.019) in subcutaneous adipose tissue compared with control rats. Conclusion: HIIT can be improving insulin sensitivity in obese rats. This improvement may be attributed to increase PPARγ and GLUT4 expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. Abeysekera KWM, Valenti L, Younossi Z, Dillon JF, Allen AM, Nourredin M, et al. Implementation of a liver health check in people with type 2 diabetes. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2024 Jan; 9(1):83-91.
  2. Mourelatou R, Kostopoulou E, Rojas-Gil AP, Sinopidis X, Kehagias I, Linos D, et al. Impaired adipocyte glucose transport regulators in morbid obesity - Possible mechanisms contributing to metabolic dysfunction. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2022 Mar; 26(6):2134-2142.
  3. Wang RY, Abbott RD, Zieba A, Borowsky FE, Kaplan DL. Development of a Three-Dimensional Adipose Tissue Model for Studying Embryonic Exposures to Obesogenic Chemicals. Ann Biomed Eng. 2017 Jul; 45(7):1807-1818.
  4. Sabry MM, Dawood AF, Rashed LA, Sayed SM, Hassan S, Younes SF. Relation between resistin, PPAR-γ, obesity and atherosclerosis in male albino rats. Arch Physiol Biochem. 2020 Dec; 126(5):389-398.
  5. Lehrke M, Lazar MA. The many faces of PPARgamma. Cell 2005, 123(6):993–999.
  6. Medina-Gomez G, Gray SL, Yetukuri L, Shimomura K, Virtue S, Campbell M, et al. PPAR gamma 2 prevents lipotoxicity by controlling adipose tissue expandability and peripheral lipid metabolism. PLoS Genet 2007, 3(4):e64.
  7. Leonardini A, Laviola L, Perrini S, Natalicchio A, Giorgino F. Cross-Talk between PPARγ and Insulin Signaling and Modulation of Insulin Sensitivity. PPAR Res. 2009: 818945.
  8. Wu Z, Xie Y, Morrison RF, Bucher NL, Farmer SR. PPARgamma induces the insulin-dependent glucose transporter GLUT4 in the absence of C/EBPalpha during the conversion of 3T3 fibroblasts into adipocytes. J Clin Invest. 1998 Jan. 1; 101(1):22-32.
  9. Padmanabhan M, Arumugam G. Effect of Persea americana (avocado) fruit extract on the level of expression of adiponectin and PPAR-γ in rats subjected to experimental hyperlipidemia and obesity. J Complement Integr Med. 2014 Jun; 11(2):107-19.
  10. Qu X, Zhao S, Gao J, Hu M, Dong L, Zhang X. Reduced expression and secretion of apolipoprotein M in fat-fed, streptozotocin-diabetic rats is partially reversed by an artificial ligand of PPARγ. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2012 Aug; 37(8):796-801.
  11. Li M, Bai Y, Jianfei C, Xiaodong X, Yuanyuan D, Jing Z. Effects of different exercise intensity on PPARγ and relative index in adolescent obesity rats.Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2014 Sep; 43(5):732-7.
  12. Ruffino JS, Davies NA, Morris K, Ludgate M, Zhang L, Webb R, Thomas AW. Moderate-intensity exercise alters markers of alternative activation in circulating monocytes in females: a putative role for PPARγ. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2016 Sep; 116(9):1671-82.
  13. Gurley JM, Griesel BA, Olson AL. Increased skeletal  muscle  GLUT4 expression  in  obese  Mice  after  voluntary wheel  running  exercise  is posttranscriptional. Diabetes 2016; 65:2911-9.
  14. Hussey S,  Mcgee  S,  Garnham  A, Wentworth J, Jeukendrup A, Hargreaves M. Exercise  training  increases  adipose  tissue GLUT4  expression  in  patients  with  type  2 diabetes.    Diabetes Obese Metab 2011; 13:959-62.
  15. Banaeifar A, Ebrahimpor S, Tabatabaie H, Ebadi ghahremani M. The Effect of resistance training on GLUT4 expression in muscle tissue, glucose and insulin resistance in rats. J. Ilam Uni. Med. Sci. 2019; 26 (6): 46-57.
  16. Bagheri MH, Azamian Jazi A, Bani Talebi E, Nasr-Esfahani M.H. The Effects of Eight Weeks of High Intensity Interval Training on Expression of Pparγ and Liver TG in Rats with Fatty Liver Disease. Sport Physiology. Fall 2020; 12(47): 113-32. (In Persian).
  17. Eizadi M, Mirakhori Zahra, Farajtabar Behrestaq S. Effect of 8-Week Interval Training on Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Expression in Gastrocnemius Muscle and Insulin Resistance in Rats with Type 2 Diabetes. Avicenna J Med Biochem. 2019; 7(2): 51-56.
  18. Bai Y, Zhang J, Jiang S, Sun J, Zheng C, Wang K, Qian J, Nie L. Effects of the body fat mass and blood sugar and plasma resistin to slim exercise prescription for overweight and obesity students. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2013 Jul; 42(4):538-42, 549.
  19. Di Raimondo D, Tuttolomondo A, Buttà C, Casuccio A, Giarrusso L, Miceli G, et al. Metabolic and anti-inflammatory effects of a home-based programme of aerobic physical exercise. Int J Clin Pract. 2013 Dec; 67(12):1247-53.
  20. Ligtenberg PC, Hoekstra JB, Bol E, Zonderland ML, Erkelens DW. Effects of physical training on metabolic control in elderly type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Clin Sci (Lond). 1997 Aug; 93(2):127-35.
  21. Vancea DM, Vancea JN, Pires MI, Reis MA, Moura RB, Dib SA. Effect of frequency of physical exercise on glycemic control and body composition in type 2 diabetic patients. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2009 Jan; 92(1):23-30.
  22. Maltais ML, Perreault K, Courchesne-Loyer A, Lagacé JC, Barsalani R, Dionne IJ. Effect of Resistance Training and Various Sources of Protein Supplementation on Body Fat Mass and Metabolic Profile in Sarcopenic Overweight Older Adult Men: A Pilot Study. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2016 Feb; 26(1): 71-7.
  23. Ho TP, Zhao X, Courville AB, Linderman JD, Smith S, Sebring N, et al. Effects of a 12-month moderate weight loss intervention on insulin sensitivity and inflammation status in nondiabetic overweight and obese subjects.Horm Metab Res. 2015 Apr; 47(4):289-96.
  24. Leggate M, Carter WG, Evans MJ, Vennard RA, Sribala-Sundaram S, Nimmo MA.Determination of inflammatory and prominent proteomic changes in plasma and adipose tissue after high-intensity intermittent training in overweight and obese males.J Appl Physiol (1985). 2012 Apr; 112(8):1353-60.
  25. Donges CE, Duffield R, Guelfi KJ, Smith GC, Adams DR, Edge JA. Comparative effects of single-mode vs. duration-matched concurrent exercise training on body composition, low-grade inflammation, and glucose regulation in sedentary, overweight, middle-aged men. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2013 Jul; 38(7):779-88.
  26. Hussey SE, McGee SL, Garnham A, Wentworth JM, Jeukendrup AE, Hargreaves M. Exercise training increases adipose tissue GLUT4 expression in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism. 2011 Oct 1; 13(10):959-62.
  27. Pala R, Genc E, Tuzcu M, Orhan C, Sahin N, Er B, Cinar V, Sahin K. L-Carnitine supplementation increases expression of PPAR-γ and glucose transporters in skeletal muscle of chronically and acutely exercised rats. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2018 Jan 31; 64(1):1-6.
  28. Wood IS, Trayhurn P. GLUT and SGLT expanded families of sugar transport proteins.  Br J Nutr. 2003; 89:3-9.
  29. Bjornholm MZJ. Insulin  signal transduction  in  human  skeletal  muscle identifying  the  defects  in  Type  II  Biochem Soc Trans. 2005; 33354-7.
  30. Lehnen AM, Leguisamo NM, Pinto GH, Markoski MM, Angelis K, Machado UF, et al. The beneficial effects of exercise in rodents are preserved after detraining a phenomenon unrelated to GLUT4 expression. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2010; 9:67.
  31. Hussey S, Mcgee S, Garnham A, Wentworth J, Jeukendrup A, Hargreaves M. Exercise training increases adipose tissue GLUT4 expression in patients with type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2011; 13:959-62.
Journal of Nutrition,Fasting and Health

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 07 February 2024

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 09 December 2023
  • Revise Date: 08 January 2024
  • Accept Date: 07 February 2024

Share

How to cite

Statistics