Journal of Nutrition,Fasting and Health

Journal of Nutrition,Fasting and Health

Ramadan Major Nutrient Patterns Are Associated with Anthropometric Measurements and Physical Activity in Tehran, Iran

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
Mahdieh Akhoundan
Zhaleh Shadman
Nooshin Poorsoltan
Bagher Larijani
Mohsen Khoshniat Nikoo
Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
10.22038/jfh.2015.4349
Abstract
During Ramadan fasting quantity and quality of dietary intake may change. There was no data on nutrient patterns in Ramadan fasting. The purpose of this study was to identify Ramadan major nutrient patterns among those who fast in Tehran, Iran. 510 fasting people aged 18-65 years and BMI 18.5-40 Kg/m2 were recruited in our study by 2-stage cluster sampling method in June-July 2014. Data on the socio-demographic and physical activity level were collected by questionnaire. Usual diet during Ramadan was estimated by valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire. BMI was calculated based on measured height and weight.Three nutrient patterns derived by conducting principal component factor analysis on 30 major nutrients. Micronutrient and fiber pattern which characterized by high intake of vitamin K, total fiber, iron, manganese, magnesium, β-carotene, folate, vitamin B12, potassium and calcium was adversely associated with weight (b=-0.16, P= 0.004). High protein pattern had great loadings on protein, riboflavin, phosphorous and zinc which physical activity level was decreased by tertiles of this pattern (b=0.13, P=0.02). High carbohydrate pattern which presented high positive loadings on carbohydrate and thiamin and negative loading on total fat, poly unsaturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids was positively associated with BMI (b= 0.12, P=0.03). Adherence to different Ramadan nutrient patterns is associated with weight, BMI and physical activity level. People on high in carbohydrate may have a higher BMI and low micronutrient density diet that should be considered in Ramadan fasting nutrition educational programs.
Keywords
Ramadan fasting
Nutrient pattern
Factor analysis
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  • Receive Date 08 April 2015
  • Revise Date 08 May 2015
  • Accept Date 13 May 2015